Annual variation in attentional response after methylphenidate treatment
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Annual variation in attentional response after methylphenidate treatment Madelon A. Vollebregt1 · J. Leon Kenemans3 · Jan K. Buitelaar2,4 · Tom Deboer5 · Sean W. Cain6 · Donna Palmer7,8,9 · Glen R. Elliott10,11 · Evian Gordon7,8 · Kamran Fallahpour12,13 · Martijn Arns1,3,14 Received: 12 June 2019 / Accepted: 28 October 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Prevalence rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ with geographical areas varying in sunlight intensity. Sun- or daylight reaching the retina establishes entrainment of the circadian clock to daylight. Changes herein, hence, alterations in clock alignment, could be reflected indirectly in inattention via sleep duration. We here studied (1) annual variation in inattention at treatment initiation; (2) annual variation in response to ADHD treatment [methylphenidate (MPH)] by day of treatment initiation; and (3) dose dependence. We predicted least baseline inattention during a period of high sunlight intensity implying more room for improvement (i.e., a better treatment response) when sunlight intensity is low. These hypotheses were not confirmed. High-dose treated patients, however, had significantly better attention after treatment than low-dosed treated patients, only when treated in the period from winter to summer solstice. Change in solar irradiance (SI) during low-dosed treatment period was negatively related to attentional improvement. The above described findings were primarily found in inattention ratings and replicated in omission errors on a continuous performance task. Daylight and inattention have been proposed to be related via mediation of the circadian system. One mechanism of MPH may be to enhance sensitivity to the diurnal entrainment to sunlight and the question can be raised whether appropriate lighting could potentiate the effects of stimulants. Keywords Methylphenidate · ADHD · Sunlight · Inattention · Annual variation
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-019-01434-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Madelon A. Vollebregt [email protected]
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Brain Resource Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Brain Resource Ltd, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Brain Dynamics Center, Sydney Medical School and Westmead Millenium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Bijleveldsingel 32, 6524 AD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Children’s Health Council, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Cent
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