Antifouling nanoporous diamond membrane for enhanced detection of dopamine in human serum
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Antifouling nanoporous diamond membrane for enhanced detection of dopamine in human serum Haichao Li1, Jun Cao1, Qiuping Wei1,* , Li Ma1, Kechao Zhou1, Zhiming Yu1, Sichao Zeng1, Ruitong Zhu1, Wanlin Yang1, Cheng-Te Lin2, and Lingcong Meng3
1
State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China 2 Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People’s Republic of China 3 School of Chemistry, University of Southpton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Received: 2 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 15 September 2020
In vivo tracking or in vitro real sample analysis by electrochemistry is one of the most straight and useful methods in biosensor field. However, surface biofouling of electrodes by non-specific protein adsorption is inevitable and usually leads to a decrease in sensitivity. Here, we developed a Nafion-coated porous boron-doped diamond (NAF/pBDD) electrode with hydrophobic nanostructures to minimize the biofouling effect and selectively detect dopamine (DA). Larger active area was obtained by this procedure compared to a bare diamond electrode. The as-prepared electrode shows excellent antifouling property and enrichment capacity toward selective detection of dopamine (DA). The low background current of the BDD electrode and the enhanced signals enables a lower detection limit, 42 nmol L-1, and a wider linear range, 0.1–110 lmol L-1, for determination of DA in human serum. Additionally, the facile modified electrode demonstrated renewable property and long-term stability due to the fact that the antifouling nanostructures belong to its own.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction In vivo monitoring or in vitro sensing by electrochemical techniques is becoming a powerful tool in biological environment analysis, helping us better understand the correlation between chemistry and Handling Editor: Annela M. Seddon.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05344-5
behavioral, diagnose signals and disease level [1–9]. However, surface biofouling of sensors still hinders their further applications due to the fouling-induced decrease in sensitivity and limited long-term functionality [10–12]. Non-specific protein adsorption on the device surface is the initial stage of many fouling mechanisms and that will ultimately compromise the
J Mater Sci
functionality of the device [4, 13]. Two major strategies have been taken to alleviate the adsorption and improve the biocompatibility of devices [10, 14]. The first approach is surface coating by electrically neutral hydrophilic polymers, which minimizes the close reactions between proteins and devices surfaces. Many of these, such as poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), have demonstrated promising results in resisting proteins adsorption [15, 16]. However, the presence of blood components or oth
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