Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic compounds extracted from lemon myrtle ( Backhousia citriodora )
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Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic compounds extracted from lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) leaves at various extraction conditions Eun-Jung Kang1,2 • Jae-Kwon Lee2 • Hye-Ryung Park2 • Hoon Kim3 Hyun-Seok Kim2 • Jiyong Park1
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Received: 21 April 2020 / Revised: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Lemon myrtle leaves were extracted with ethanol at different temperatures (25, 50, and 80 C) and times (2, 4, 6, and 10 h) to examine the effect of extraction conditions on total polyphenol contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and amount of phenolic compounds. Under optimal extraction conditions (80 C and 6 h), the values were 23.37%, 102.72 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE/g dry basis), 23.37 mg rutin equivalents (RE/g dry basis), 83.31%, 60.13%, and 1.10% for yield, TPC, TFC, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and reducing power, respectively. In addition, total amount of the phenolic compounds of extract was determined as 43.9 lg/g. The anti-inflammatory effect was determined in
& Jiyong Park [email protected] Eun-Jung Kang [email protected] Jae-Kwon Lee [email protected] Hye-Ryung Park [email protected] Hoon Kim [email protected] Hyun-Seok Kim [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
2
Major of Food Science and Biotechnology, Division of Bioconvergence, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16227, Republic of Korea
3
Skin-Biotechnology Center, Kyunghee University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO). These results indicate that extracts of lemon myrtle leaves have potential as a valuable natural product with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Keywords Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) Antioxidant activity Anti-inflammatory activity Nitric oxide Antioxidant phenolic compound
Introduction Oxidative stress, defined as the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals and the imbalance in antioxidant levels, is known that associated with various diseases, such as degenerative nervous system diseases, aging, and diabetes (Bjelakovic et al., 2014; Reuter et al., 2010). Persistent excessive oxidative stress on cells not only increases gene expression of specific cells that cause degenerative diseases, but also increases cell death, leading to chronic inflammatory responses (Kang, 2011). Oxidative stress increased by ROS induces inflammatory and immune responses and increases proteins such as Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (Han et al., 2015). Inflammatory factors are expressed by intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factors and occur due to primary stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (Kim et al., 2008). LPS, which present in the outer membrane of gram negative E. coli, stimulates m
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