Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of bioactive compounds extracted from Opuntia
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of bioactive compounds extracted from Opuntia dillenii cladodes Sabrine Ben Lataief1 · Mohamed‑Nizar Zourgui1 · Rami Rahmani1,2 · Hanen Najjaa3 · Néji Gharsallah4 · Lazhar Zourgui1 Received: 1 February 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Opuntia dillenii has been used in folk medicine as a natural remedy for its diverse biological activities and bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to quantify the bioactive substances of cladode extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) of O. dillenii from Djerba Island, Tunisia and evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials. The results showed that O. dillenii cladodes had a high amount of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Interestingly, by LC-MS analysis, we found that most of the phenolic and volatile compounds were present in the ethanolic extract. Indeed, quinic acid (58.78 µg/g), quercetin (11.5 µg/g), rutin (7.02 µg/g), luteolin (4.93 µg/g), cirsiliol (3.22 µg/g) were the major phenolic compounds in O. dillenii ECE. GC-MS analysis of O. dillenii ACE and ECE revealed that n-hexadecanoic acid (13.08%), and stigmastan-3, 5-diene (6.97%) were the main volatile compounds detected in ECE. Correlation analysis showed that the TPC and TFC were significantly correlated with the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Fusarium oxysporum were found to be the most sensitive strains. Finally, the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 was more sensitive to aqueous and ethanolic extracts with an IC50 = 50.89 ± 0.01 µg/mL and IC50 = 40 ± 0.01 µg/mL, respectively than K-562 cell line. Keywords Opuntia dillenii cladodes · Phytochemical composition · Antioxidant · Antimicrobial · Cytotoxicity Abbreviations AAE Ascorbic acid equivalent ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid ACE Aqueous cladode extract Caco-2 Human colon carcinoma cells * Sabrine Ben Lataief [email protected] * Lazhar Zourgui [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, El Jorf road, Post box 522, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia
2
Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gabès, University of Gabès, Gabès, Tunisia
3
Department of Pastoral Ecology, Arid Lands Institute, Medenine, Tunisia
4
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
CATE Catechin equivalent DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide DMEM Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium DPPH 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Dw Dry weight ECE Ethanolic cladode extract FRAP Ferric reducing antioxidant power GAE Gallic acid equivalent K-562 Human myelogenous leukemia cells LC-MS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry MBC Minimum bactericidal concentration MFC Minimal fungicidal concentration MHA Mueller Hinton agar MIC
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