Antiparasitic Peptides
The most important parasitic diseases, malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and schistosomiasis, are a great burden to mankind, threatening the life of millions of people worldwide and mostly affecting the poorest. Because drug resistance is increasin
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Antiparasitic Peptides Jette Pretzel, Franziska Mohring, Stefan Rahlfs and Katja Becker
Abstract The most important parasitic diseases, malaria, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and schistosomiasis, are a great burden to mankind, threatening the life of millions of people worldwide and mostly affecting the poorest. Because drug resistance is increasing and vaccines are rarely available, novel chemotherapeutic compounds are necessary in order to treat these devastating diseases. Insects serve as vectors of many human parasitic diseases and have been shown to express a huge variety of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Therefore, research activity on insect-derived AMPs has been increasing in the last 40 years. This chapter summarizes the current state of research on the possible role of AMPs as potential chemotherapeutic compounds against human parasitic diseases. Keywords Antimicrobial peptides Parasites
Antiparasitic peptides Drug discovery
Abbreviations AMP CL DALY DCL EC50 ED50 EMP HC50 IC50 LC50 LPG MCL NET
Antimicrobial peptide Cutaneous leishmaniasis Disability-adjusted life years Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis 50 % effective concentration 50 % effective dose Electrophoretic mobility 50 % hemolytic concentration 50 % inhibitory concentration 50 % lethal concentration Lipophosphoglycan Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Neutrophil extracellular traps
Jette Pretzel and Franziska Mohring contributed equally to this chapter. J. Pretzel F. Mohring S. Rahlfs K. Becker (&) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
J. Pretzel et al.
NO PEG RBC SmDLP WHO
Nitric oxide Polyethylene glycol Red blood cell Schistosoma mansoni dermaseptin-like peptide World Health Organization
Contents 1 2 3 4
History ..................................................................................................................................... Mechanism of Action.............................................................................................................. Peptide Families ...................................................................................................................... Antiparasitic Peptides.............................................................................................................. 4.1 Plasmodium Spp. ............................................................................................................ 4.2 Leishmania Spp. ............................................................................................................. 4.3 Trypanosoma................................................................................................................... 4.4 Schistosoma..................................................................................................................... 4.5 Hookworms ..................................................................................................................... 4.6 Babesia Spp...................
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