Antimicrobial Peptides Methods and Protocols

The action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), ranging from direct killing of invading pathogens to immune response modulation and other complex biological responses, has stimulated research and clinical interest for more than two decades, but the area is s

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MO L E C U L A R BI O L O G Y

Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK

For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651

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Antimicrobial Peptides Methods and Protocols

Edited by

Andrea Giuliani Spider Biotech, Colleretto, Giacosa, Italy

Andrea C. Rinaldi University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy

Editors Andrea Giuliani Spider Biotech S.r.l. Via Ribes, 5 10010 Colleretto Giacosa TO Bioindustrypark del Canavese Italy [email protected]

Andrea C. Rinaldi Universit`a di Cagliari Dipto. di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche 09042 Monserrato Cittadella Universitaria Italy [email protected]

ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-60761-593-4 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-594-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-594-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009943247 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover illustration: Inset image adapted from Figure 2 of Chapter 13. Background image adapted from Figure 3E of Chapter 15. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Dedicated to the memory of Silvano Fumero, poet and scientist. (Andrea Giuliani) On April 6, 2009, an earthquake devastated the town of L’Aquila, in Italy, taking the lives of more than 300 people and marking indelibly those who survived. This book is dedicated to the memory of the victims, and, as a warm wish, to all those, including some of the authors of the present volume, that will have to build their future from scratch. (Andrea C. Rinaldi)

Preface As our knowledge of the innate immune systems in multicellular organisms has grown steadily in the last two decades, so has our comprehension of the basic role played by gene-encoded, ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in this ancient line of defense against infections. Indeed, although the ability