Application of delayed luminescence measurements for the identification of herbal materials: a step toward rapid quality
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Chinese Medicine Open Access
RESEARCH
Application of delayed luminescence measurements for the identification of herbal materials: a step toward rapid quality control Mengmeng Sun1,2,3†, Shengpeng Wang2,3†, Yong Jing4, Li Li7,8, Min He1,2, Yusheng Jia2, Eduard van Wijk9, Yitao Wang3, Zhihong Wang1* and Mei Wang2,5,6*
Abstract Background: Herbal materials are widely used as medicinal products, dietary supplements, food, and spices. With increased consumption, the safety, quality, and efficacy of herbal materials are becoming more relevant. The authenticity of herbal materials plays an important role in herbal quality control, and there is an urgent need to develop a simple, direct, objective, rapid, and inexpensive measurement tool for the identification of herbal materials for the purpose of quality control. Methods: Delayed luminescence (DL) was used to measure authentic and counterfeit herbal materials. A hyperbolic function was used to extract four properties from the DL curves of the herbal materials. Statistical tools, including Student’s t test and Principal Component Analysis, were used to differentiate authentic and counterfeit herbal materials based on the DL properties. Results: Our results showed that authentic and counterfeit herbal materials could be identified based on the DL properties as follows: (a) authentic versus counterfeit materials; (b) authentic versus adulterated materials; (c) authentic versus sulfur-fumigated materials; as well as (d) authentic versus dyed materials. Conclusion: The simple, direct, rapid, and inexpensive measurements offered by DL potentially offer a novel technique for the identification of Chinese herbal materials. However, the establishment of a valid database will be the next step toward the possible application of this technique, which would contribute significantly to the development of a novel digital tool for the quality control of herbal materials. Keywords: Delayed luminescence, Herbal materials, Identification, Quality control Background Herbal medicine has long been used in health and disease treatment in China, and the use of herbal products has increased globally in recent years [1, 2]. In Chinese culture, food and medicine are not clearly separated, and thus a significant amount of herbal materials are *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Mengmeng Sun and Shengpeng Wang contributed equally to this work 1 Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Rd, Jingyue Economic Development District, Changchun 130117, China 2 Leiden University‑European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden 2333, BE, The Netherlands Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
used both in medicinal applications and as food supplements (e.g., Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, etc.) [3]. Herbal materials are thus widely used as additives to foods and spices either during the culinary preparation of meals at home or in the industrial producti
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