Application of Landsat 8 OLI for Mapping the Deccan Traps of Kachchh, Gujarat
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Application of Landsat 8 OLI for Mapping the Deccan Traps of Kachchh, Gujarat Shreekumari Patel1,2 • Paras Solanki1 Received: 6 December 2019 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 Ó Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2020
Abstract In the present study, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager multispectral data covering Gujarat’s Kachchh district have been analyzed to map the Deccan Traps. The study area is covered by different lithological units from Middle Jurassic to Holocene rock formation. Deccan Volcanics of Upper Cretaceous to Eocene age consist of Alkali Gabbro, Andesitic Trachyte, Basalt Flows, Intertrappean sediments, Dolerite dykes and Olivine Gabbro. The study aims to distinguish the basalts of Deccan Volcanics using remote sensing data. The basalts were segregated using image processing techniques such as false color composite based on the optimal index factor, band rationing, minimum noise fraction and principal component analysis. Conclusively, entire techniques used differentiated the basalts from other lithological units. The data were validated using laboratory reflectance spectra of rock samples. The map of basalt in Kachchh district was created from the processed Landsat 8 OLI image manifesting different flows, and it covers an area of total 1913.95 sq km. Keywords Remote sensing Landsat 8 OLI Deccan trap-basalt Optimal index factor (OIF) Band rations Minimum noise fraction (MNF) Principal component analysis (PCA)
Introduction Geological mapping is basic activity for any geo-investigation such as mineral exploration, geological hazard mapping and for better comprehend knowledge of natural factors governing the deposition and occurrence of mineral resources and lithological units (Bhan and Krishnaunni 1983). However, the classical mapping methods are expensive and time-consuming in comparison with the remote sensing techniques and method, especially for a large area (Abdelmalik 2018). Remote sensing acquires knowledge about every object, region or occurrence without physical contact (Reddy 2008). It works on the principle study of electromagnetic radiation from the surface of the earth. The infrared (IR) wave of the electromagnetic spectrum is commonly employed for geological & Shreekumari Patel [email protected] 1
Department of Geology, M. G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad 380 009, India
2
Research Scholar, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 009, India
investigation (Corumluoglu et al. 2015). It is the most costeffective method for efficient geological mapping. Each rock is composed of a specific set of minerals, and every mineral has its reflectance characteristics which form the base to identify or discriminate the rock-type or mineral. Recognition of spectral signatures of minerals and rocks that enable remote sensing of geological research a standard procedure (Corumluoglu et al. 2015). The satellite data such as multispectral Landsat generations and ASTER datasets have further protracted the scope of remote sensing for extremely detailed and accurate demarcation of litholog
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