Application of Phage-Displayed Peptides in Tumor Imaging Diagnosis and Targeting Therapy
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Application of Phage-Displayed Peptides in Tumor Imaging Diagnosis and Targeting Therapy Chunyan Li1 · Jia Li1 · Ying Xu1 · Ying Zhan2 · Yu Li1 · Tingting Song1 · Jiao Zheng1 · Hong Yang1 Received: 10 May 2020 / Revised: 7 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Phage display is an effective and powerful technique that provides a route to discovery unique peptides targeting to tumor cells. Specifically binding peptides are considered as the valuable target directing molecule fragments with potential efficiency to improve the current tumor clinic, and offer new approaches for tumor prevention, diagnosis and treatment. We focus on the recent advances in the isolation of tumor-targeting peptides by biopanning methods, with particular emphasis on molecular imaging, and pharmaceutical targeting therapy. Keywords Targeting peptides · Phage display · Tumor imaging diagnosis · Tumor targeting therapy
Introduction Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide (Bray et al. 2018), associated mainly with the lack of precise detection for early diagnosis, and non-availability of tumor specific drug delivery system. Current regular medical cares for cancers include the diagnosis by endoscopy, biopsy, X-ray, and treatment by surgical operation, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Moreover, non-targeted diagnosis methods are not sensitive enough to screen the patients with early tumor development, and dose-dependent toxicities and drug-resistance of chemotherapy limit clinical applications. Therefore, the developments of targeted diagnosis and chemotherapy for cancer clinic are the most important approaches to improve the current efficiency of cancer diagnosis and treatment to save lives of patients. Both molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery need tumor-specific molecular fragments as effective targeting vehicles to deliver imaging probes and chemotherapeutics to tumor sites. People have tried many strategies to construct the approaches and been awaked by many difficulties needed to be considered also, such as the specificity/sensitivity of * Hong Yang [email protected] 1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
518 Hospital of PLA, Xi’an 710043, Shaanxi, China
2
the structures, extracellular degradation, endocytosis and others. Antibody was the first choice to be used as the targeting element, but its application was limited because of slow binding kinetics, immunogenicity, production costs and nonspecific uptake by liver and reticuloendothelial system (Deutscher 2010). Peptide, a fragment with small sizes, possessing biological activity, is pursued as attractive targeting moieties due to its low immunogenicity, high affinity, rapid tissue penetration, low manufacturing cost and fast clearance from blood circulation, flexible in chemical conjugation and compatible with fluorescence dyes (Li and Cho 2010; Newman and Benoit 2018). Successful examples include transf
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