Application of Water Quality Index and Water Quality Model QUAL2K for Evaluation of Pollutants in Dez River, Iran
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YDROCHEMISTRY, HYDROBIOLOGY: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Application of Water Quality Index and Water Quality Model QUAL2K for Evaluation of Pollutants in Dez River, Iran Samaneh Abdeveisa, *, Hossein Sedghia, **, Houshang Hassonizadehb, ***, and Hossein Babazadeha, **** aDepartment
of Water Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1477893855 Iran b Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Shoshtar, 6451741117 Iran *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] ***e-mail: [email protected] ****e-mail: [email protected] Received October 1, 2016; revised October 23, 2016; accepted October 23, 2016
Abstract—Dez River in Iran is a long river and has generally good-quality water. Unfortunately, in this river water quality has decreased over recent years due to drought, industrial and agricultural developments. Dez River plays a significant role in moderating the quality of Karun River After adjoining it. So, maintaining good water quality of Dez River is very important. In this case study, water quality index was evaluated in an 8-year period with regard to the growth of industry and drought occurrence. The calculated Iran Water Quality Index showed values of 70.1–85. This index reduced from extremely good to good for DEZ River. Simulation of some water quality parameters (electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, NH4-N, NO3-N, and pH) were evaluated using Water Quality Model (Qual2k). The observed data in July 2012 and March 2013 were used for calibration and validation of the Qual2k model respectively. In conclusion, the Qual2k model was proposed as a suitable tool for water quality assessment and forecast in the future. Keywords: water quality, Dez River, IRWQI, Qual2k model DOI: 10.1134/S0097807820050188
INTRODUCTION Dez River in Iran is a source of water supply for agriculture, drinking water and industry. Given to industrial development, agriculture activities, urbanization, drought, inter-basin water transfers and changing cropping patterns, declining quantity and quality of the river water has become evident in recent years. For example, decreased dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations due to assimilation some pollutants by microorganisms, chemical oxidations of reduced pollutants and respiration of plants, algae and phytoplankton often represent water quality impairments [9]. One of the simplest analytical methods for evaluation of water resources quality is water quality index (WQI), which is considered as a robust decision-making tool in water quality managements. The Iran Water Quality Index for Surface Water Resource-Conventional Parameters (IRWQIsc index) is a modification of NSFWQI based on the local condition in Iran [1]. Hamedi et al. [10] investigated the pollutants influence upon the water quality of an urban watercourse in southeast of Tehran, Iran (Sorkhe-Hessar Watercourse) by IRWQI. The index value was equivalent to
15−29.9, demonstrated the poor qualitative conditions for the watercours
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