Applications of Chalcogenides: S, Se, and Te
This book introduces readers to a wide range of applications for elements in Group 16 of the periodic table, such as, optical fibers for communication and sensing, X-ray imaging, electrochemical sensors, data storage devices, biomedical applications, phot
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Applications of Chalcogenides: S, Se, and Te
Applications of Chalcogenides: S, Se, and Te
Gurinder Kaur Ahluwalia Editor
Applications of Chalcogenides: S, Se, and Te
Editor Gurinder Kaur Ahluwalia Materials and Nanotechnology Research Laboratory Department of Physics College of The North Atlantic Labrador City, NL, Canada
ISBN 978-3-319-41188-0 ISBN 978-3-319-41190-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41190-3
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016952256 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To My Son Rajatdeep
“Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known.” — Carl Sagan
vii
Preface
The changing landscape of research from pure scientific ventures towards industrial applications in recent years has propelled the writing of this book on materials covering a wide spectrum of topics at the forefront of research such as optical fibers, electrochemical sensors, imaging and detection, infrared biochemical sensing, drug delivery and biomedical applications, data storage, photovoltaics, and infrared detectors. The industry roadmap is ready to lay out a research and development plan that is not centered around Moore’s law, but will follow the More than Moore strategy. Rather than making the chips better and letting applications follow, it will start with applications—from smartphones and supercomputers to data centers in the cloud. Looking at the current topics of interest to the industry, government institutions, and society on the whole, I realized that looking beyond silicon, chalcogens (i.e., Group VI elements of the periodic table) form an integral part of materials required for all of these applications. The peculiar properties of chalcogens arise due to the lone pair orbitals f
