Appropriate proportion truncated octahedron LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 with excellent electrochemical properties for lithium-io
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Appropriate proportion truncated octahedron LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with excellent electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries prepared by graphite-assisted calcination method Yuan Wei 1 & Kuanyou Tuo 1 & Peng Wang 1 & Li Yang 1 & Wenbiao Liang 1 & Hao Ding 1 & Xiaoling Cui 1,2 & Shiyou Li 1,2 Received: 27 June 2020 / Revised: 3 September 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 materials with different crystal surface proportions are synthesized by graphite-assisted calcination method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals homogeneous microsized polyhedral morphology with different proportions of exposed {100} and {111} surfaces. The most highlighted result is that LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with appropriate proportion exposed {100} and {111} surfaces can achieve both high power and long lifetime simultaneously. The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with appropriate proportion exposed {100} and {111} surfaces can provide a large capacity of 74.8 mAh g−1 even at a discharge rate as high as 20 C. Besides, the capacity retentions of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with appropriate proportion exposed {100} and {111} surfaces are found to be 93.33% at 1 C after 100 cycles. These results represent the experimental evidence for lattice-plane anisotropy in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 crystals. Moreover, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with appropriate proportion exposed {100} and {111} surface structure is beneficial for obtaining high volumetric energy density and excellent processability in practical applications. Keywords Lithium-ion battery . Proportion exposed {100} surfaces . Lithium nickel manganese oxide . Electrochemical performance
Introduction Lithium-ion batteries are the source of power for electronic and electric vehicles, and their demand for high energy and safety is growing. Therefore, looking for new materials with improving energy density of lithium-ion batteries is the key to solving current problems. Lithium nickel manganese oxide LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) with the spinel structure is considered as one of the most promising cathode materials for nextgeneration lithium-ion batteries, because it not only provides a high working voltage (about 4.7 V vs. Li/Li+) but also can be easily prepared, using low-cost materials without requiring protective atmosphere [1–6]. However, high-voltage spinel
* Shiyou Li [email protected] 1
College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, 36 Pengjiaping Road, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu province, People’s Republic of China
2
Gansu Engineering Laboratory of Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Battery, Lanzhou 730050, China
LNMO suffers from the dissolution of manganese and the accompanied Jahn-Teller distortion resulting from the Mn3+ ions formed during the charge and discharge process particularly at elevated temperature and high rate [7, 8]. Therefore, LNMO needs to be modified to improve the cycle performance of the battery at high rate. Recently, many efforts have been made to improve the performance of LNMO. The modifica
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