Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensing strategy toward human non-small cell lung cancer using polyacrylonitrile/polypy
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RESEARCH PAPER
Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensing strategy toward human non-small cell lung cancer using polyacrylonitrile/polypyrrole nanofibers Ezgi Kivrak 1,4 & Atike Ince-Yardimci 2 & Recep Ilhan 3 & Petek Ballar Kirmizibayrak 3 & Selahattin Yilmaz 2 & Pinar Kara 1 Received: 6 July 2020 / Revised: 11 August 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present study, a sensitive electrochemical aptamer-based biosensing strategy for human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) detection was proposed using nanofiber-modified disposable pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs). The composite nanofiber was comprised of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polypyrrole (PPy) polymers, and fabrication of the nanofibers was accomplished using electrospinning process onto PGEs. Development of the nanofibers was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The high-affinity 5′-aminohexyl-linked aptamer was immobilized onto a PAN/PPy composite nanofibermodified sensor surface via covalent bonding strategy. After incubation with NSCLC living cells (A549 cell line) at 37.5 °C, the recognition between aptamer and target cells was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The selectivity of the aptasensor was evaluated using nonspecific human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and a nonspecific aptamer sequence. The proposed electrochemical aptasensor showed high sensitivity toward A549 cells with a detection limit of 1.2 × 103 cells/mL. The results indicate that our label-free electrochemical aptasensor has great potential in the design of aptasensors for the diagnostics of other types of cancer cells with broad detection capability in clinical analysis. Keywords Aptasensor . Early cancer diagnosis . Non-small cell lung cancer . Electrochemical impedance spectrometry . Nanofibers
Introduction Cancer is still the major cause of death worldwide, along with cardiovascular diseases [1]. A recent World Health Organization (WHO) report on cancer shows that there were Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02916-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Pinar Kara [email protected] 1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
2
Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 35430 Urla, İzmir, Turkey
3
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
4
Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Technologies, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Bornova, Turkey
9.6 million cancer-related deaths in 2018, and 1.76 million of the deaths were caused by lung cancer [2]. Lung cancer is divided into two main histological subtypes, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), accounting for 15% and 85% of all lung cancer types, respectively [3]. Screening, early-stage detection and prop
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