Aquaculture facilities drive the introduction and establishment of non-native Oreochromis niloticus populations in Neotr
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INVASIVE SPECIES III
Aquaculture facilities drive the introduction and establishment of non-native Oreochromis niloticus populations in Neotropical streams Sandra Carla Forneck . Fabrı´cio Martins Dutra . Mariele Pasuch de Camargo . Jean Ricardo Simo˜es Vitule . Almir Manoel Cunico
Received: 30 March 2020 / Revised: 24 September 2020 / Accepted: 30 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This study investigated whether aquaculture facilities drive the introduction and establishment of the non-native Nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) in Neotropical streams, Brazil. Samples were taken from nine streams with different aquaculture occupation intensities (no, moderate, and intense) using the percentage of occupation of micro-watersheds by aquaculture ponds as a proxy for propagule pressure. The presence of aquaculture facilities and the percentage of aquaculture occupation were good predictors of the catch frequency and of densities of tilapias in the adjacent natural environment. In the streams
Guest editors: Katya E. Kovalenko, Fernando M. Pelicice, Lee B. Kats, Jonne Kotta & Sidinei M. Thomaz / Aquatic Invasive Species III
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04430-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. C. Forneck (&) F. M. Dutra M. P. de Camargo A. M. Cunico Laborato´rio de Ecologia, Pesca e Ictiologia, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Palotina, Parana´ 85950-000, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] S. C. Forneck J. R. S. Vitule Laborato´rio de Ecologia e Conservac¸a˜o, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Setor de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Curitiba, Parana´ 81531-970, Brazil
under intense propagule pressure, females prevailed and high densities of young individuals comparing to adults were recorded. It suggests that the species was reproductively successful in the natural environment. In the streams under moderate propagule pressure, males prevailed, which indicates the likely capture of individuals escaped from aquaculture facilities. In general, our results show the positive influence of propagule pressure on the introduction and establishment of Nile tilapia in natural ecosystems, showing that aquaculture expansion of O. niloticus poses a threat to the conservation of aquatic biodiversity. Keywords Freshwater ecosystems Neotropical streams Escapes Introduction effort Colonization success Nile tilapia
Introduction The introduction of non-native species has reached high levels in recent centuries, thus becoming one of the main threats to global biodiversity (Simberloff, 2003; Bellard et al., 2016). It may cause many negative impacts ranging from alterations in genetic variability to changes in the ecosystem (Cucherousset & Olden, 2011; Bezerra et al., 2019). Since not all translocated species establish viable populations out
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