Essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (Linnaeus, 1753): efficacy for anesthesia and transport of Oreochromis niloticus
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Essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (Linnaeus, 1753): efficacy for anesthesia and transport of Oreochromis niloticus Andre Lima Ferreira & Gisele Cristina Favero & Túlio Pacheco Boaventura & Carine de Freitas Souza & Nathália Soares Ferreira & Sharine Nunes Descovi & Bernardo Baldisserotto & Berta Maria Heinzmann & Ronald Kennedy Luz
Received: 31 August 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. (EOOG) for anesthesia and in the transport of Oreochromis niloticus. Experiment I determined the time of anesthesia induction and recovery during anesthesia of O. niloticus exposed to different concentrations of EOOG (0, 30, 90, 150, and 300 mg L−1). Based on data from Experiment I, Experiment II evaluated the effect of 0, 30, and 90 mg L−1 EOOG on blood parameters and oxidative stress immediately after anesthesia induction and 1 h after recovery. Experiment III evaluated the effect of 0, 5, and 10 mg L−1 EOOG on blood variables immediately after 4.5 h of transport of juveniles. Concentrations between 90 and 150 mg L−1 EOOG were efficient for anesthesia and recovery. The use of 90 mg L−1 of EOOG prevented an increase in plasma glucose. Other changes in blood parameters and oxidative stress are discussed. The use of 10 mg L−1 EOOG in transport increased plasma glucose and decreased hematocrit values immediately
after transport. It is concluded that the use of 90 and 150 mg L−1 EOOG causes anesthesia and recovery in O. niloticus within the time intervals considered ideal. The use of 90 mg L−1 EOOG favored stable plasma glucose soon after anesthesia induction and 1 h after recovery, but caused changes in the antioxidant defense system by increasing hepatic and kidney ROS. The transport of 12 g O. niloticus for 4.5 h can be performed with concentration of 5 mg L−1 of EOOG. Keywords Anesthesia . Handling stress . Metabolism . Nile tilapia . Tissue damage
Introduction The usual handling procedures employed in fish farms trigger stress to animals, which can compromise their
A. L. Ferreira : G. C. Favero : T. P. Boaventura : N. S. Ferreira : R. K. Luz Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30161-970, Brazil
B. M. Heinzmann Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Laboratório de Extrativos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
C. de Freitas Souza : S. N. Descovi : B. Baldisserotto Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
R. K. Luz (*) Laboratório de Aquacultura da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30161-970, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
Fish Physiol Biochem
productive and reproductive performances (Barton 2002; Gressler et al. 2012). Amon
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