Aqueous Two-Phase Systems: simple one-step process formulation and phase diagram for characterisation
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Aqueous Two-Phase Systems: simple one-step process formulation and phase diagram for characterisation Florence Dumas 1 & Emilie Roger 1
&
Johanna Rodriguez 1 & Lazhar Benyahia 2 & Jean-Pierre Benoit 1
Received: 26 June 2020 / Revised: 31 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), also called “water-in-water” emulsion, is a multi-component system (aqueous droplets dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase), formed after gently mixing two aqueous solutions of immiscible polymers. It allows the formation of different compartments without adding any organic solvent, according to a green process. Nevertheless, the kinetic stability of ATPS is generally difficult to control. Phase diagrams, which express the concentration of a polymer as a function of that of the other in solution, are used to characterise ATPS and to determine conditions for preparing emulsions from selected polymers. In this study, dextran and polyethylene oxide aqueous mixtures with different processing parameters are investigated. Phase diagrams are generated through two automatic methods (Turbiscan and LUMiSizer® technologies) and a manual one. With the diagrams obtained, it is concluded that the purity of polyethylene oxide affects the ATPS, whereas the use of polymers in powder or in solution form has no effect. In view of this result, it is allowed to prepare ATPS formulation by a simple one-step process from polymers in powder form. Keywords Aqueous two-phase system . Phase diagram . Dextran . Polyethylene oxide
Introduction Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS), also known as “water-inwater” emulsions, are mixtures of hydrosoluble but incompatible polymers in water. In these systems, droplets (in general in the micrometer range) of an aqueous solution of one of the polymers are dispersed in a continuous phase consisting of an aqueous solution of the other polymer [1]. Such systems can be scaled up easily, and they are cheap to formulate [2]. Given the mild conditions used and the rapidity of the process [3, 4], ATPS are particularly useful for the separation and purification of biomolecules [5, 6], such as proteins, enzymes (e.g. fungal laccases used in the production of antibiotics, anticancer or Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-020-04748-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Emilie Roger [email protected] 1
Micro et Nanomedecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021, Angers, France
2
Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, IMMM, UNIV Le Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans, France
anaesthetic molecules), monoclonal antibodies (e.g. IgG, antiCD34) [7] and even cells [8] (platelets isolated from the blood [9], confinement of cells to form 3D culture of cancer cells (spheroids) [10]). Some differences between the threedimensional structures of closely related proteins can also
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