Architectures and Synthesizers for Ultra-low Power Fast Frequency-Hopping WSN Radios
Wireless sensor networks have the potential to become the third wireless revolution after wireless voice networks in the 80s and wireless data networks in the late 90s. Unfortunately, radio power consumption is still a major bottleneck to the wide adoptio
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ANALOG CIRCUITS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SERIES Consulting Editor: Mohammed Ismail. Ohio State University
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7381
Emanuele Lopelli Johan van der Tang Arthur van Roermund
Architectures and Synthesizers for Ultra-low Power Fast Frequency-Hopping WSN Radios
Dr. Emanuele Lopelli Broadcom Corporation Kosterijland 14 3981 AJ Bunnik The Netherlands [email protected] Dr. Johan van der Tang Broadcom Corporation Kosterijland 14 3981 AJ Bunnik The Netherlands [email protected] Series Editors: Mohammed Ismail 205 Dreese Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering The Ohio State University 2015 Neil Avenue Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Prof. Arthur van Roermund Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Den Dolech 2 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands [email protected]
Mohamad Sawan Electrical Engineering Department École Polytechnique de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
ISBN 978-94-007-0182-3 e-ISBN 978-94-007-0183-0 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0183-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover design: VTEX, Vilnius Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Application Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 One-Way Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Two-Way Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 One-Way Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2 Two-Way Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Energy Scavenging Techniques . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1 Super-capacitor Size Estimation . . . . . 1.3.2 Battery Size Estimation . . . . . . . . . 1.4 General Wireless Node Requirements . . . . . . 1.4.1 Link Robustness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.2 Data Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.3 Range and Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.4 Turn-on and Synchronization Time . . . 1.4.5 Technology Comparison and Trade-offs 1.5 State of the Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.1 Research in Industries . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.2 Research in Universities . . . . . . . . . 1.6 The Objectives of This Book . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 Outline of the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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