Are all Burned Out Parents Neglectful and Violent? A Latent Profile Analysis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Are all Burned Out Parents Neglectful and Violent? A Latent Profile Analysis Logan Hansotte1 Nathan Nguyen ●
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Isabelle Roskam1 Florence Stinglhamber1 Moïra Mikolajczak1 ●
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Accepted: 12 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Exposure to chronic parental stress can lead to parental burnout, a syndrome encompassing three dimensions: an overwhelming exhaustion from one’s parental role, an emotional distancing from one’s children, and a sense of parental ineffectiveness. The first goal of this study was to examine whether there were different profiles of parents based on their levels of exhaustion, emotional distancing, and inefficacy. The second goal was to investigate the association between these profiles and different forms of neglect and violence toward children (i.e., physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical violence, and verbal violence). 2767 parents who had at least one child living at home completed the survey. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to analyze the data. LPA identified five profiles of parents (“Not in parental burnout”, “Inefficient”, “At risk of parental burnout”, “Emotionally exhausted and distant”, and “Burned out parents”), which were associated with different levels and forms of neglect and violence. Profiles in which high levels of exhaustion were associated with high levels of emotional distancing showed much higher levels of neglect and violence. Results also show that physical violence remains lower than the other forms of violence or neglect. The results first suggest that exhausted parents need to be diagnosed and cared for before exhaustion leads to emotional distancing. They also suggest that burned out parents inhibit physical violence more than the other forms of violence and neglect. Keywords Parental burnout Emotional and physical neglect Verbal and physical violence Child abuse ●
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Highlights We examined 2767 parents using the Parental Burnout Inventory. ● We identified five profiles of parents: « Not in parental burnout », « Inefficient », « At risk of parental burnout », « Emotionally exhausted and distant », and « Burned out parents ». ● Our findings indicated that profiles in which high levels of exhaustion are associated with high levels of emotional distancing show higher levels of neglect and violence. ● The results suggest clinival intervention before parental exhaustion leads to emotional distancing. ●
Parenting can be wonderful, but it is also stressful (for reviews, see Abidin 1990; Crnic and Low 2002; DeaterDeckard 2014). When parents chronically lack the resources needed to handle stressors related to parenting, they may
These authors contributed equally: Logan Hansotte, Nathan Nguyen * Moïra Mikolajczak [email protected] 1
Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
develop parental burnout, a context-specific syndrome characterized by three main dimensions. The first dimension is an overwhelming exhaustion from one’s parental ro
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