Are Serum Interleukin 6 and Surfactant Protein D Levels Associated with the Clinical Course of COVID-19?
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COVID-19 PULMONARY DISEASE AND BIOMARKERS
Are Serum Interleukin 6 and Surfactant Protein D Levels Associated with the Clinical Course of COVID‑19? Buğra Kerget1 · Ferhan Kerget2 · Abdullah Osman Koçak3 · Ahmet Kızıltunç4 · Ömer Araz1 · Elif Yılmazel Uçar1 · Metin Akgün1 Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has infected more than 7 million people worldwide in the short time since it emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) levels and the clinical course and prognosis of COVID-19. Materials and Methods The study included a total of 108 individuals: 88 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 by real-time PCR of nasopharyngeal swab samples and admitted to the Atatürk University Pulmonary Diseases and the Erzurum City Hospital Infectious Diseases department between March 24 and April 15, and 20 asymptomatic healthcare workers who had negative real-time PCR results during routine COVID-19 screening in our hospital. Results Patients who developed macrophage activation syndrome had significantly higher IL-6 and SP-D levels at the time of admission and on day 5 of treatment compared to the other patients (IL-6: p = 0.001 for both; SP-D: p = 0.02, p = 0.04). Patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome had significantly higher IL-6 and SP-D levels at both time points compared to those who did not (p = 0.001 for all). Both parameters at the time of admission were also significantly higher among nonsurvivors compared to survivors (IL-6: p = 0.001, SP-D: p = 0.03). Conclusion In addition to IL-6, which has an important role in predicting course and planning treatment in COVID-19, SP-D may be a novel pneumoprotein that can be used in the clinical course, follow-up, and possibly in future treatments. Keywords COVID-19 · Interleukin 6 · Surfactant protein D · Acute respiratory distress
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00408-020-00393-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Buğra Kerget [email protected] 1
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Ataturk University School of Medicine, 25240 Erzurum, Yakutiye, Turkey
2
Depertmant of Infection Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Health Sciences University Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Ataturk University School of Medicine, 25240 Erzurum, Yakutiye, Turkey
4
Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University School of Medicine, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread across the globe. In June 2020, the number of confirmed cases passed 7 million and continues to increase. Most infected patients are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms such as so
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