Argument, Inference and Dialectic Collected Papers on Informal Logic
Chapters 1-12 of this volume contain the papers on infonnal logic and argumentation that I've published and/or read at conferences over the last 17 years. These papers are reproduced here pretty much unchanged from their first appearance; it is my intenti
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Argumentation Library Volume 4
Series Editors: Frans H. van Eemeren, University ofAmsterdam t Rob Grootendorst, University ofAmsterdam Joseph Wenzel, University of Illinois John Woods, University of Lethbridge
ARGUMENT, INFERENCE AND DIALECTIC COLLECTED PAPERS ON INFORMAL LOGIC WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY HANS V. HANSEN by
ROBERT C. PINTO Department of Philosophy, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-5713-6 DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-0783-1
ISBN 978-94-017-0783-1 (eBook)
Printed an acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved © 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2001 No part ofthe material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanica1, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
vii
INTRODUCTION by Hans ViIh. Hansen 1. Overview of Chapters 1-12, ix 2. Retrospective: Logic, Dialectic and the Practice of Rational Criticism, xx
IX
Chapter 1: DIALECTIC AND THE STRUCTURE OF ARGUMENT 1. Introduction, 1 2. Presumption and Burden of Proof, 2 3. Do there have to be "objective standards" for assessing arguments?, 4 4. Conclusion, 8 Chapter 2: GENERALIZING THE NOTION OF ARGUMENT
10
1 Doxastic attitudes other than belief, 11 2. Propositional attitudes other than doxastic attitudes, 15 3. Nonpropositional objects of conscious attitudes, 17 4. Conclusion: further questions, 19 Chapter 3: LOGIC, EPISTEMOLOGY AND ARGUMENT APPRAISAL 1. 2. 3. 4
21
Introduction, 21 Appraising premisses, 23 Suitability of inferential link, 26 Conclusion, 31
Chapter 4: THE RELATION OF ARGUMENT TO INFERENCE
32
1. Arguments and inferences, 32 2. Inference, 39 3. Logical pragmatics, argumentation theory and the evaluation of inference, 43 Chapter 5: INCONSISTENCY, RATIONALITY AND RELATIVISM 1. 2. 3. 4.
46
Why is inconsistency a fault?, 46 How serious a fault is inconsistency?, 49 When is it reasonable to tolerate inconsistency?, 51 What about relativism?, 54
Chapter 6: POST HOC, ERGO PROPTER HOC
56
Chapter 7: LOGIC, COHERENCE AND PSYCHOLOGY
64
v
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 8: LOGIC, COHERENCE AND PSYCHOLOGY REVISITED
73
1. 2. 3.
Introduction, 73 Understanding a domain as necessary background of any reasoning, 74 Is the understanding ofa domain susceptible of propositional or sentential representation?, 75 4. Understanding, coherence and rationality, 78
Chapter 9: LOGICAL FORM AND THE LINK BETWEEN PREMISSES AND CONCLUSION
81
1. 2. 3. 4.
Preliminaries, 81 Semantic entailments, 85 Inductive inferences and Goodman's paradox, 89 The effect of pragmatic considerations on the validity of inductive generalization, 95 5. Conclusion, 96
Chapter 10: ARGUMENT SCHEMES AND THE EV ALUA TION OF PRESUMPTIVE REASONING 1. 2.
98
In what sense d
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