Armenia, the Regional Powers, and the West Between History and Geopo
This work represents the first systematic study of Armenia's foreign policy during the post-independence period, between 1991 and 2005. It explores four sets of relationships with Armenia's major historical 'partners': Russia, Iran, Turkey and the West (E
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Armenia, the Regional Powers, and the West Between History And Geopolitics
Alla Mirzoyan
ARMENIA, THE REGIONAL POWERS, AND THE WEST Copyright © Alla Mirzoyan, 2010. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-61866-4 All rights reserved. First published in 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States – a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-38124-1 ISBN 978-0-230-10635-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230106352 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Mirzoyan, Alla. Armenia, the regional powers, and the West: between history and geopolitics / Alla Mirzoyan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-349-38124-1 (alk. paper) 1. Armenia (Republic)—Foreign relations. 2. World politics—1989– I. Title. DK687.54.M57 2010 327.47590182'1—dc22 2009029520 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by MPS Limited, A Macmillan Company First edition: April 2010 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my parents
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Contents
Acknowledgments
ix
Introduction
1
Research Landscape Basic Parameters of Armenia’s Security Environment Chapter Outline
4 9 16
1
Russia: “The Indispensable Ally?”
21
Introduction History and Perceptions The Battle of the Narratives 1991–1998: The Deem Reality 1998–2005: The End of Platonic Love Conclusion
21 22 25 30 39 53
Turkey: “The Other”
55
2
3
Introduction A Glance at History 1991–1998: The Chimera of “Pragmatism” 1998–2005: A Never Ending Story? Conclusion
55 59 62 89 106
Iran: “The Permanent Alternative”
107
Introduction Careful Engagement Conclusion
107 108 132
viii
4
Contents
The West: “Ambiguous Modern”
135
Introduction Armenia and the United States European Institutions Conclusion
135 137 161 173
Conclusion: “Ideational Redlines” and “Structural Dynamics” 175 Notes
179
Bibliography
215
Index
239
Acknowledgments
This book represents a culmination of my doctoral dissertation and research. I would like to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to those who accompanied and inspired me through the process of writing it. To Mohiaddin Mesbahi, whose near-infinite knowledge of the region, geopolitics, and theory has opened for me new horizons of thinking and looking at the world. To Charles MacDonald, whose keen perspective, kindness, and patience greatly facilitated my transition into the doctoral program. To Damian Fernandez, whose passion and probing mind forced me to look more deeply i
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