Around and Beyond the Square of Opposition

The theory of oppositions based on Aristotelian foundations of logic has been pictured in a striking square diagram which can be understood and applied in many different ways having repercussions in various fields: epistemology, linguistics, mathematics,

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Series Editor Jean-Yves Béziau (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and Brazilian Research Council, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) Editorial Board Members Hajnal Andréka (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary) Mark Burgin (University of California, Los Angeles, USA) R˘azvan Diaconescu (Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania) Josep Maria Font (University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain) Andreas Herzig (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Toulouse, France) Arnold Koslow (City University of New York, New York, USA) Jui-Lin Lee (National Formosa University, Huwei Township, Taiwan) Larissa Maksimova (Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia) Grzegorz Malinowski (University of Łód´z, Łód´z, Poland) Darko Sarenac (Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA) Peter Schröder-Heister (University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany) Vladimir Vasyukov (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia)

This series is devoted to the universal approach to logic and the development of a general theory of logics. It covers topics such as global set-ups for fundamental theorems of logic and frameworks for the study of logics, in particular logical matrices, Kripke structures, combination of logics, categorical logic, abstract proof theory, consequence operators, and algebraic logic. It includes also books with historical and philosophical discussions about the nature and scope of logic. Three types of books will appear in the series: graduate textbooks, research monographs, and volumes with contributed papers.

Jean-Yves Béziau r Dale Jacquette Editors

Around and Beyond the Square of Opposition

Editors Jean-Yves Béziau Institute of Philosophy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Dale Jacquette Institute of Philosophy University of Bern Bern, Switzerland

ISBN 978-3-0348-0378-6 ISBN 978-3-0348-0379-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-0379-3 Springer Basel Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012938884 Mathematics Subject Classification: 03-XX, 03Axx, 03Bxx © Springer Basel 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at t