Artificial Ventilation A Basic Clinical Guide
This book provides a basic clinical guide to the principles and practice of artificial ventilation, both manual and mechanical. It covers the development of artificial ventilation through the ages and the essential anatomy and physiology behind it. While
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Artificial Ventilation
David J. Baker
Artificial Ventilation A Basic Clinical Guide
David J. Baker Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades SAMU de Paris Paris, France
ISBN 978-3-319-32499-9 ISBN 978-3-319-32501-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32501-9
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016945767 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Preface
The support of breathing by artificial ventilation has been described for several thousands of years but a systematic approach to the subject has only developed in recent times. Mechanical artificial ventilation is now a standard part of medical practice in hospital operating theatres and intensive care units (ICU) as well as in emergencies where normal breathing has failed and in the transport of ventilator – dependent patients both within the hospital and between units, sometimes over a range of several thousand miles. This development has not been straightforward. Normal breathing depends on drawing in air to the lungs by creating a partial vacuum inside the chest cavity. From the seventeenth century onwards artificial ventilation was developed which was the exact reverse of this process with air being forced into the lungs by bellows devices. This was the first mechanical attempt at what is now known as intermittent positive pressure ventilation. During the nineteenth century this approach fell into disrepute and methods of negative pressure artificial ventilation were developed which sought to imitate natural breathing. This led to the development of the first mechanical cabinet ventilator (or ‘iron lung’) and several methods of first aid artificial ventilation by manipulation of the arms. Negative pressure artificial ventilation was, in turn replaced by intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the middle
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