Assessing the suitability of water for irrigation using major physical parameters and ion chemistry: a study of the Chur
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Assessing the suitability of water for irrigation using major physical parameters and ion chemistry: a study of the Churni River, India Biplab Sarkar 1 & Aznarul Islam 1 Received: 8 January 2019 / Accepted: 5 September 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019
Abstract The aim of the present work is to evaluate the suitability of Churni River water for irrigation based on major physical and chemical parameters of 83 water samples collected during February 2011–December 2017 (one in every month) at two stations: Majdia and Ranaghat. The physical parameters measured are electrical conductivity (EC) (204–697 μS/cm for Majdia and 182– 731 μS/cm for Ranaghat) and total dissolved solids (TDS) (40–526 mg/L for Majdia and 84–496 mg/L for Ranaghat). Besides, ion chemistry of four cations (concentration order: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+) and four anions (HCO3− > CO32− > Cl− > SO42−) depicts good ionic combination (ion balance error within 10%) and suitability of water for irrigation as indicated by the lower value of sodicity hazard (sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of 0.07–0.52 for Majdia and 0.05–0.52 for Ranaghat), alkalinity hazard (residual sodium carbonate of 2–10 for Majdia and 2–13 for Ranaghat) and permeability hazard (permeability index of 39–74 for Majdia and 40–139 for Ranaghat). Similarly, the compound ranking method locates the water samples of both the stations at 1.57 on a 1–3 scale when 1, 2 and 3 indicate good, permissible and unsuitable, respectively. Finally, ANOVA shows no significant difference in water quality except SAR between the upstream (Majdia) and downstream (Ranaghat) areas of the river. Keywords Electrical conductivity . Total dissolved solids . Sodicity hazard . Alkalinity hazard . Permeability hazard . Churni River water
Introduction Physicochemical analysis of water is essential to determine the quality of water in every sector. Analyses are conducted on water sampled from aquiferous layers (Kumar et al. 2014; Ali Moasheri et al. 2012; Singh and Kumar 2015), surface water (Kumarasamy et al. 2013; Disli 2017; Shakir et al. 2017) and wastewater (Baig Asadullah et al. 2018) because water from different sources is used for multiple purposes. The river is an important source of surface water used for potable water, irrigation, manufacturing industries, etc. Sustainable agricultural return largely depends on improved performance of an irrigation system which is evaluated by analysing the quality of water delivered. However, sustainability in agricultural return depends not only
Responsible Editor: Broder J. Merkel * Aznarul Islam [email protected] 1
Department of Geography, Aliah University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700014, India
on improved irrigation systems but also on crop yields and market prices of inputs and outputs. Many scholastic works have identified the suitability of river water for irrigation (Kumarasamy et al. 2013; Disli 2017; Costa and Aparicio 2015; Huong et al. 2008; Fulazzaky 2010; Khan et al. 2005; Rao et al. 2015; Shakir et al. 2017). As the river gets pollute
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