Assessment and evaluation of cellulase production using ragi ( Eleusine coracana ) husk as a substrate from thermo-acido
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RESEARCH PAPER
Assessment and evaluation of cellulase production using ragi (Eleusine coracana) husk as a substrate from thermo‑acidophilic Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253 Paramjeet Saroj1 · Manasa P1 · Korrapati Narasimhulu1 Received: 29 June 2019 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The cellulase production by filamentous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253 was carried out using agro-industrial waste ragi husk as a substrate in the microbial fermentation. The effect of the process parameters such as temperature, substrate concentration, pH, and incubation process time and their interdependence was studied using response surface methodology. The optimum cellulase activities were obtained at 50 °C under the conditions with 1–2% of substrate concentration at pH 2–4 for the incubation period of 7–8 days. The maximum carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and β-glucosidase activities with optimized process variables were 95.2 IU/mL and 0.174 IU/mL, respectively. The morphological characterization of fungus by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of secondary protein structures. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the application of ragi husk could be a promising feedstock for value-added industrial products. The thermo-acidophilic nature of isolated strain Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253 possessed a significant potential for higher titer of cellulase production that could be further employed for lignocellulosic bioethanol production. Keywords Filamentous fungi · Ragi husk · Fermentation · Response surface methodology
Introduction Lignocellulosic materials have gained more importance as a raw material for biofuel production due to worldwide availability of low-cost renewable feedstock in abundance; fossil fuel usage causes global and greenhouse gas emission; uncertainty supply of petroleum due to high consumption and present no food production conflict. Lignocellulosic polysaccharide polymers are cross-linked with strong bonds that lead to a robust structure. Due to the highly complex structure of these natural polymers, economically feasible production of lignocellulosic bioethanol is challenging. Cellulases are a combination of three major enzyme endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4), exoglucanases, including cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) (EC 3.2.1.91), and β-glucosidases * Paramjeet Saroj [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
(EC 3.2.1.21). Cellulases are the enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose by attacking the glycosidic linkages [1]. Due to the complex structure of lignocellulosic biomass, the enzyme quantity required for hydrolysis is onefold higher than for starch [2]. The production cost and low yield of these enzymes are the foremost issues for industrial applications. The purpose of agro-waste as a solid substrate in the fermentation system for the production of
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