Production of borosilicate cullet by using rice husk ash
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ICCESEN 2017
Production of borosilicate cullet by using rice husk ash İlker Özkan 1 & Esra Dokumacı 2 Received: 28 September 2018 / Accepted: 21 December 2018 / Published online: 10 January 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019
Abstract The aim of this study is to use produce borosilicate cullet by using rice husk ash (RHA). For this purpose, rice husk ash was first characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, and chemical analyses. Borosilicate cullet is generally produced by direct fusion of precisely measured portions of boron oxide source and quartz (SiO2). In this study, rice husk ash was used as a source of SiO2. Different batches were prepared and fused to produce borosilicates varying in ratio B2O3·nSiO2. Produced samples were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that borosilicate cullets can be produced by using rice husk ash. The best result was obtained with the sample that contained 42.05% rice husk ash content melted at 1100 °C. Keywords Borosilicate . Rice husk ash . Production . Characterization
Introduction Nowadays studies on the utilization of waste materials and producing new products have gained great importance (Yılmaz et al. 2015; Kılınçarslan 2015; Tozlu et al. 2017; Yıldız et al. 2017; Özavcı and Çetin 2016). Rice is the second largest produced cereal in the world. At the beginning of the 1990s, annual production was around 350 million tons and in 2008, it has reached 661 million tons. The first step of the production process, after the rice harvest, is the milling process that generates a by-product known as husk (a low-density residue of the process) that surrounds the paddy grain. During milling of the paddy, about 80% of weight is received as rice, broken rice, and bran while the remaining 20% is received as a husk. Consequently, in 2008, the world rice production has also generated 132 million tons of rice husks. Disposal of rice husk is, therefore, an important issue in those countries that cultivate large quantities of rice (Andreola et al. 2013). This article is part of the Topical Collection on Geo-Resources-EarthEnvironmental Sciences * İlker Özkan [email protected] 1
Torbali Vocational School, Industrial Glass and Ceramics Department, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
2
Faculy of Engineering, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylül Universityi, İzmir, Turkey
Rice husk is an organic waste and it is a major by-product of the rice milling process and agro-based biomass produced in large quantities. Rice husk contains nearly 20% silica in hydrated amorphous form (Görhan and Şimşek 2013), as the world production of rice husk is estimated to be 80 million tons annually. Rice husk burning generates new waste, namely, rice husk ash (RHA). The high silica content (> 92%) makes this ash a residue with high economic potential. This waste presents great potential use in large scales, such as in ceramic, cement, construction, electronics, and composite industries (Andreola et al. 2013; Si
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