Assessment of cholinesterase activity and hepatic biofunction in dogs naturally infected with Babesia gibsoni
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Assessment of cholinesterase activity and hepatic biofunction in dogs naturally infected with Babesia gibsoni Babak Shabani 1 & Bijan Esmaeilnejad 1
&
Mousa Tavassoli 1 & Mehdi Imani 2
Received: 28 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Canine babesiosis is a common tick-borne disease affecting canidae of tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This study investigated the activity of cholinergic system enzymes and hepatic biofunction in dogs naturally infected with Babesia gibsoni. An infected group comprised 10 male dogs (stray and shepherd), and 10 healthy dogs as control were included in the study. Hematological parameters and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were measured. The biomarkers of hepatic function including the activities of various enzymes, total bilirubin levels, and albumin contents were also assessed. The infected animals revealed a significant decrease in RBC count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, albumin content, and BchE activity compared with the control animals. However, the activities of AChE and hepatic enzymes as well as bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the diseased animals. Our results indicate that B. gibsoni infection can change the activities of AChE and BChE and damage liver. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of the cholinergic system in the pathogenesis of canine babesiosis. Keywords Acetylcholinesterase . Butyrylcholinesterase . Babesia gibsoni . Liver . Dog
Introduction Canine babesiosis is a common tick-borne disease affecting canidae of tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Both large babesia species such as Babesia canis, B. vogeli, and B. rossi as well as small babesia species, namely, B. gibsoni and B. microti-like, can cause the disease. The clinical manifestations of the diseases mainly depend on the different babesia species involved and their specific virulence, and also factors that determine the host’s response to the infection such * Bijan Esmaeilnejad [email protected] Babak Shabani [email protected] Mousa Tavassoli [email protected] Mehdi Imani [email protected] 1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
as age, individual immune status, and coinfections with other pathogens. Therefore, a wide variety of signs including fever, lethargy, and anemia, as well as liver, pulmonary, kidney, or cerebral dysfunction, and hemostatic abnormalities are expected (Panti-May and Rodríguez-Vivas 2020). One of the inevitable consequences of babesiosis is hemolytic anemia which is caused due to physical damage following propagation of the parasite inside the erythrocytes, increased permeability of them, and increased phagocytosis of erythrocytes by activated macrophages and production of antibodies against these cells (Esmaeilnej
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