Assessment of groundwater potentiality using geospatial techniques in Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Assessment of groundwater potentiality using geospatial techniques in Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal Subodh Chandra Pal1 · Chiranjit Ghosh1 · Indrajit Chowdhuri1 Received: 21 January 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The word water is life, so life on this planet cannot be possible without water. Water is an essential natural resource that is a surface and groundwater device for human society. The purpose of this research is to assess the groundwater potentiality of the Purba Bardhaman district. All data (primary and secondary) are collected from different sources and analyzed in geographic information system (GIS) software to prepare thematic maps. Different geo-environmental factors like as land use and land cover, soil, lithology, rainfall and distance from the river, etc., can impact on groundwater availability directly or indirectly in Purba Bardhaman area. To identify groundwater potential zones, all these factors are composed into GIS software using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) method. The groundwater potential map has been divided into five classes based on their magnitude as very high, high, medium, low and very low groundwater potential zones. It shows that the areas of very low, low, medium, high and very high groundwater potential zones are 21.54%, 35.80%, 26.47%, 10.13%, 6.06%, respectively, of the total area. Finally, validation is carried out using groundwater depth data collected from 44 drilled tube wells which are located in a scattered manner for whole Purba Bardhaman district which indicates a higher similarity with an area under curve value of 86.8%. Keywords Groundwater · Purba Bardhaman · Multi-criteria decision analysis · GIS
Introduction Groundwater is a dynamic resource that plays a vital role in nurturing an ecological balance (Das 2017). The largest freshwater resource in the world is groundwater. Today, the maximum rural population and the total urban population depend on groundwater for their basic needs. Proper management strategies cannot be developed in the context of the groundwater decay scenario due to lack of knowledge in this area. Maximum groundwater is needed for agriculture, drinking water and industry. The absence of groundwater is a common phenomenon in India due to the use of groundwater without proper scientific planning (Rodell et al. * Subodh Chandra Pal [email protected] Chiranjit Ghosh [email protected] Indrajit Chowdhuri [email protected] 1
Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
2009). The most valuable resource is groundwater which is unevenly distributed. Distribution of groundwater is controlled according to many criteria, i.e., lithology, geological structure, lineaments, soil, slope, drainage density, distance from the river, vegetation cover, surface water scenario, land use and land cover, rainfall, climatic condition and interrelationship between these factors (Sar et al. 2015; Jothibasu and Anbazhagan2016; Dasho et al
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