Flood Frequency Analysis and Its Management in Selected Part of Bardhaman District, West Bengal
Flood is a widespread destructive natural hazard which can bring unexpected threat to human life and property. Though a large number of mitigation measures have already been taken care of for controlling the flood, its intensity and spatial dimension is b
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Flood Frequency Analysis and Its Management in Selected Part of Bardhaman District, West Bengal Subodh Chandra Pal, Biswajit Das, Sadhan Malik, Manisa Shit, and Rabin Chakrabortty
13.1 Introduction Floods are undoubtedly one of the most dangerous natural hazards in the world, especially in the monsoon dominated humid tropical region (Sanyal and Lu 2004). It causes heavy damages to different sectors like agriculture, housing, industry, infrastructure, etc. (Ali 2007; Hsu et al. 2011; Mirza 2011). It is difficult to predict the occurrence and magnitude of floods. Unusual rainfall pattern due to climatic variability and global warming is causing disaster like floods throughout the world (Parry et al. 2007; Nwe and Tokuzo 2010). In the present condition, a lot of occurrences are going on like population explosion, deforestation, environmental degradation, urbanization, global warming, human encroachment, land use and land cover change, etc. which have accelerated the intensity and frequency of flood more and their concentration on hazard-prone areas make the impact of natural disasters even worse (Alexander 1993). There are so many flood controlling measures which have already been taken from very early, but now people do feel that the human interference in the river valleys become important one reason behind flood. In this region, the lower part of the Damodar River, flood is one of the major problems from the very beginning. This river is classically known as Sorrow of Bengal which had affected the entire lower Damodar Basin (Bagchi 1977; Bhattacharyya 2011; Ghosh 2011). Construction of the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), a multipurpose project, has modified the high peak flood (above 12,744 m3s−1) and the duration of the flood (Ghosh 2013). Along with this massive diversion of river water into canals gradually resulted in the decreasing of natural flow, de-linking of its
S. C. Pal (*) · B. Das · S. Malik · R. Chakrabortty Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India M. Shit Jamini Roy College, Bankura, West Bengal, India © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 Rukhsana et al. (eds.), Habitat, Ecology and Ekistics, Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49115-4_13
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distributaries and turning them into dried bed locally known as Kana Nadi, e.g. Ghia, Behula, Kantool and Kana Damodar (Bagchi 1977; Bhattacharyya 2011; Ghosh 2011). According to Lahiri-Dutt (2012), the sufferings of the people living in the lower part of this river valley never really diminished. Therefore, the present flood protection measures have failed to protect people from the devastating effects of floods; there is an urgent need for new solutions for the flood management programs (Mukhopadhyay 2010). Thus, more resource and skilled manpower are essential to handle the situation (Ali 2007). There are so many types of flood, but riverine flood is the most common and dominant one in this region. It has become an annual phenomenon in the east
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