Assessment of interconnection between surface water and groundwater in Sawa Lake area, southern Iraq, using stable isoto
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Assessment of interconnection between surface water and groundwater in Sawa Lake area, southern Iraq, using stable isotope technique K. K. Ali 1 & A. R. Ajeena 2
Received: 14 January 2016 / Accepted: 7 September 2016 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016
Abstract Interaction between surface water represented by the Euphrates River, natural springs, and Sawa Lake with groundwater (11 wells) in southern Iraq was investigated in this study. Water samples were collected for hydrochemistry and stable isotope (2H and 18O) analysis. Sampling of water from determined stations (10 stations along the Euphrates, 3 springs, and Sawa Lake) were carried out during two stages; the first was in October 2013(dry season) and the second one was in March 2014 (wet season). The aim of the research is to assess the interaction of groundwater–surface water, which includes Al-Atshan River (branch of the Euphrates River), Sawa Lake, and the groundwater in the study area by using hydrochemistry and stable isotope techniques. The results indicate that surface waters have a different type of water from that of groundwater. In δ 2H and δ 18O diagrams, all groundwater, springs, and Sawa Lake waters are plotted below the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) and the local meteoric water line (LMWL) indicating the influence of evaporation processes and seasonal variation. The LMWL deviates by a d-excess about +13.71 toward the East Mediterranean meteoric water line (EMWL) indicating that the origin of the vapor source is the Mediterranean Sea. The river water has different isotopic compositions from that of groundwater, springs, and Sawa Lake. The final conclusion is
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Water Resources in Arid Areas * K. K. Ali [email protected]
1
Geology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
2
Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
that there is no clear influence of the groundwater on the river water while there is an intermixing between the groundwater in the different locations in the study area. Keywords Groundwater . Surface water . Stable isotope . IMWL . Iraq
Introduction The use of isotopic methods in groundwater investigations is gaining widespread acceptance among hydrogeology professionals. Well-established techniques such as using stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen as markers of water source have been applied in water resource investigations for several decades. Studies using stable isotopes as naturally occurring tracers are numerous (e.g., Peters and Leibundgut 1993; Adar etal. 1995; Leibundgut 1995; Kendall and McDonnell 1998). Application of the stable isotopes ( 2 H& 1 8 O) in groundwater and surface water has been reviewed by Porcelli and Swarzenski (2003) and Burnett etal. (2003), because of their ability to investigate and to assess the groundwater and its interaction with surface water. In this study, deuterium (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) were used. It is known that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen occurring with different is
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