Assessment of Groundwater Recharge Through Rainfall and Water Harvesting Structures in Jamka Microwatershed Using Remote
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Assessment of Groundwater Recharge Through Rainfall and Water Harvesting Structures in Jamka Microwatershed Using Remote Sensing and GIS Narendra K. Gontia & Pallavi Y. Patil
Received: 9 July 2010 / Accepted: 10 October 2011 / Published online: 5 January 2012 # Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2011
Abstract Water harvesting works had been conducted at Jamka micro-watershed of Saurashtra region of Gujarat in India for augmenting artificial groundwater recharge in hard rock aquifers of the semi arid region. In present study groundwater recharge of Jamka micro-watershed was estimated. The natural groundwater recharge through rainfall in the study area was estimated using empirical equations and the artificial groundwater recharge through water harvesting structures which was estimated using remote sensing and GIS. The area under submergence due to water harvesting structures is estimated using remote sensing images. The groundwater recharge in study area was also estimated using water table fluctuation method and compared with total recharge through rainfall and water harvesting structures. The natural groundwater recharge through rainfall in the study area was found varying from 11 to 16 per cent of annual rainfall. The total groundwater recharge in the study area was estimated 390.29 ha m, in which the contribution of recharge through water harvesting structures was about 38.53%; this revealed that the N. K. Gontia (*) : P. Y. Patil Department of Soil and Water Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362 001 Gujarat, India e-mail: [email protected] N. K. Gotia e-mail: [email protected]
water harvesting structures played an important role in increasing the groundwater recharge in the region. Keywords Groundwater . Groundwater recharge . Remote sensing and GIS
Introduction India comprises of 329 million ha (Mha) geographical area, which forms 2.4 per cent of the world’s land area. In India per capita water availability was 1731 m3 in year 2005, which is close to threshold of 1700 m3 and if things do not improve, it will drop to water scarcity line by 2025 (Anonymous 2007a). The average annual rainfall in the country is 1170 mm, which corresponds to annual precipitation, of 4000 billion cubic meters (BCM) including snowfall. Out of this volume of precipitation, only 1869 BCM appears as average annual potential flow in rivers. Due to various constraints, only 1123 BCM is assessed as the average annual utilizable water; 690 BCM from surface water and 433 BCM from groundwater (Anonymous 2007b). Over 29% of blocks in the country are in the category of over exploited areas of groundwater use. (Anonymous 2007b). The State of Gujarat with a population of 50.67 million as per Census 2001 (Anonymous 2007c) is situated on the West Coast of India. It has a geographical area of 19.6 Mha and the cultivable area
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J Indian Soc Remote Sens (December 2012) 40(4):639–648
Materials and Methods
semi-arid. January is the coldest month with mean m
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