Assessment of introduced Kappaphycus (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) species relationships in China with molecular markers
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Assessment of introduced Kappaphycus (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) species relationships in China with molecular markers LIU Chenlin1∗ , HUANG Xiaohang1 , LIU Jianguo2 1
Marine Ecological Center, The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061, China 2 Institute of Oceanology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Received 23 June 2011; accepted 20 February 2012 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Due to morphological plasticity and paucity of diagnostic morphological characters, the taxonomy of Kappaphycus gets more and more confused with the expanding of commercial cultivation. In this study, the phylogenetic relationship of 13 strains of introduced Kappaphycus species in China was defined using DNA molecular markers, such as 18S rDNA, rbcL and cox2–cox3 spacer region. The resolutions obtained by three different molecular markers were compared: both cox2–cox3 spacer region and rbcL sequences are eligible in inter- species identification of Kappaphycus, whereas cox2–cox3 spacer region is more variable than rbcL sequence. There is several basepairs’ discrepancy among 18S rDNA sequences, while it is 100% identical among both cox2–cox3 spacer region and rbcL sequences of the ten strains of K. alvarezii. We suppose that 18S rDNA sequence can provide more information in biogeography study of Kappaphycus than other two DNA sequences. Key words: 18S rDNA, cox2–cox3 spacer region, molecular marker, Kappaphycus; rbcL Citation: Liu Chenlin, Huang Xiaohang, Liu Jianguo. 2013. Assessment of introduced Kappaphycus (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) species relationships in China with molecular markers. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 32(2): 59–65, doi: 10.1007/s13131-013-0277-5
1 Introduction The commercial significance of Kappaphycus Doty is largely based on the role as raw material for the production of polysaccharides carrageenan. Since the commercial farming from the 1970s, a great number of Kappaphycus variants with morphological diversity have arisen (Neish, 2003). Taxonomy of Kappaphycus species based on morphology was difficult due to misapplication of commercial and scientific names, the paucity of diagnostic morphological characters and the plasticity in morphology of this genus (Lluisma and Ragan, 1995; Zuccarello et al., 2006). The taxonomic criterions were so faint that the names of Kappaphycus varieties were mainly based on their sampling locality (Doty, 1988). With the expanding of commercial cultivation, the accurate classification standards of this genus need to be developed. Molecular techniques by comparative analysis of homologous gene sequences have been proven useful for the resolution of phylogenetic relationships in hundreds of instances where morphological features are obscure. A variety of DNA sequences have been employed in the systematic and taxonomic analysis of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma, such as rbcL, RuBisCo spacer gene from platide; 18S rDNA and ITS sequences from nucleolus and cox2–cox3 spacer region gene f
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