Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three species of Coolia (Dinophyceae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea
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Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three species of Coolia (Dinophyceae) from Hainan Island, South China Sea* Hua ZHANG1, 2, Songhui LÜ1, 3, **, Jingyi CEN1, Yang LI4, Qun LI1, Zhen WU1 1
College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
2
Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Science, Shenzhen 518001, China
3
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
4
College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
Received Dec. 27, 2019; accepted in principle Feb. 4, 2020; accepted for publication May 21, 2020 © Chinese Society for Oceanology and Limnology, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Marine benthic dinoflagellates in the genus Coolia were reported in both tropical and temperate regions. We conducted a morphological and phylogenetic characterization of Coolia species from Hainan Island, South China Sea. The morphologies of three Coolia species were similar to those of the original descriptions of Coolia canariensis, C. tropicalis, and C. malayensis. In phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU rDNA and ITS regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), the Hainan strains of C. canariensis, C. tropicalis, and C. malayensis clustered within the clades of these species with other isolates from different areas. No differences (p-distance) in LSU rDNA sequences were found between the Hainan C. malayensis strains and the strains from New Zealand, Florida of USA, Malaysia, Japan, Dominican Republic and Guangxi and Hong Kong of China. For C. canariensis and C. tropicalis, no differences (p-distance) in the LSU rDNA sequences were found between the Hainan strains (D1C2 and DS5F4, respectively) and the Australian strains (NQAIF252 and NQAIF90, respectively). Our study reveals the morphological and genetic diversity of Coolia species from Hainan Island, South China Sea, which provides a detailed understanding of Coolia species of this area. Keyword: Coolia; Hainan Island; morphology; phylogeny; rDNA
1 INTRODUCTION Benthic dinoflagellate species in the genus Coolia Meunier are distributed from temperate to tropical waters around the world (Meunier, 1919; Fukuyo, 1981; Faust, 1992; 1995; Ten-Hage et al., 2000; Fraga et al., 2008; Leaw et al., 2010; Karafas et al., 2015; David et al., 2020). These species live attached to various substrates, including seaweeds, rocks, corals, mangroves, sands, and also be found in water column (GEOHAB, 2012; Hoppenrath et al., 2014; Leung et al., 2017). Currently, there are eight Coolia species, including the recently reported C. santacroce Karafas, Tomas and York, C. palmyrensis Karafas, Tomas & York and C. guanchica H. David, Laza-Martínez, F. Rodríguez & S. Fraga (Meunier, 1919; Faust, 1995; Ten-Hage et al., 2000; Fraga et al., 2008; Leaw et al., 2010; Karafas et al., 2015; David et al., 2020). C. monotis Meunier,
C. tropicalis, and C. areolata L. Ten-Hage, J. Turquet, J. P. Quod and Couté were originally described on the basis of morphological data (Meunier, 1919;
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