Assessment of salt tolerance of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. using physiological and biochemical parameters
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Assessment of salt tolerance of Nasturtium officinale R. Br. using physiological and biochemical parameters Rym Kaddour • Emna Draoui • Olfa Baaˆtour • Hela Mahmoudi • Imen Tarchoun • Nawel Nasri Margaret Gruber • Mokhtar Lachaaˆl
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Received: 27 March 2013 / Revised: 22 August 2013 / Accepted: 30 August 2013 Ó Franciszek Go´rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krako´w 2013
Abstract Nasturtium officinale R. Br. seedlings were treated with a range of NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) for 21 days after seedling emergence. Physiological analysis based on growth and mineral nutrition, showed a substantial decrease in leaf dry matter with 150 mM NaCl treatment. The growth decrease was correlated with nutritional imbalance and a reduction in potassium accumulation and transport to the leaves. At the same time, we noted an increase in leaf sodium and chloride accumulation and transport. Salt tolerance of N. officinale under 100 mM NaCl was associated with osmotic adjustment via Na? and Cl- and the maintenance of high K?/ Na? selectivity. Salt decreased carotenoid content more than chlorophylls and also disturbed membrane integrity by increasing malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage. At 150 mM NaCl, an increase in antioxidant enzymespecific activities for superoxide dismutase, catalase and guaiacol peroxidase occurred in concert with a decrease in ascorbic acid, polyphenol, tannin and flavonoid content. These results indicate that N. officinale can maintain growth and natural antioxidant defense compounds such as,
Communicated by J. Kovacik. R. Kaddour and E. Draoui have equally participated in the elaboration of the manuscript. R. Kaddour (&) E. Draoui O. Baaˆtour H. Mahmoudi I. Tarchoun N. Nasri M. Lachaaˆl Physiologie et Biochimie de la Tole´rance des Plantes aux Contraintes Abiotiques, Faculte´ des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, 2090 Tunis, Tunisia e-mail: [email protected] M. Gruber Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N0X2, Canada
vitamin C, carotenoids, and polyphenols, when cultivated in 100 mM NaCl, but not at higher salt levels. Keywords N. Officinale R. Br. Salinity response Growth Antioxidant enzymes Carotenoids Phenolics Abbreviations DW Dry weight FW Fresh weight D Day Chl Chlorophylls CAR Carotenoids EL Electrolyte leakage MDA Malondialdehyde SOD Superoxide dismutase CAT Catalase POD Guaiacol peroxidase
Introduction Salinity of soil and irrigation water are major factors that limit global plant growth and productivity (Flowers 2004). Salt tolerance involves the coordination of many functions, such as ion sequestration, osmotic and metabolic adjustment and antioxidative defense (Mahajan and Tuteja 2005). In Tunisia, salinity currently affects about 10 % of the land area. Moreover, climate change and water resource problem increased soil salinity of agricultural and horticulture fields (Hachicha 2007). Salt stress increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS
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