The Interaction Effect of Drought and Exogenous Application of Zearalenone on the Physiological, Biochemical Parameters
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The Interaction Effect of Drought and Exogenous Application of Zearalenone on the Physiological, Biochemical Parameters and Yield of Legumes Michał Dziurka1 · Anna Maksymowicz1 · Agnieszka Ostrowska1 · Jolanta Biesaga‑Kościelniak1 Received: 10 October 2019 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The effectiveness of exogenously applied zearalenone (ZEN) in alleviating water deficiency stress of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) was analyzed in the pot experiment. ZEN was applied in the form of spraying in the flowering phase on the first day of induced drought. The effectiveness of ZEN was evaluated based on physiological (electrolyte leakage, greenness, and photosystem II activity) and biochemical (protein, proline, ascorbic acid contents, and antioxidant enzyme activity) parameters after 14 days of drought. The yield and yield quality defined as yield components, total protein, fats, sugars, and antioxidants (tocopherols and β-carotene) were measured in newly formed seeds. ZEN residue in the seeds was analyzed employing UHPLC-MS/MS to exclude its accumulation. The results showed the possibility of reducing the effects of drought stress through the use of ZEN. It was manifested by increased cell membranes stability and antioxidant enzyme activity and above all ZEN increased crop yield, compared to untreated plants. ZEN modified seed composition by inducing the accumulation of fats and antioxidants. There was no accumulation of exogenous ZEN in seeds. Keywords Zearalenone · Lupine · Pea · Legumes · Drought · Yield composition · PSII photochemical activity · Antioxidants
Introduction Plant production is one of the main areas of human activity, and the yield is one of the most important indicators of its efficiency. Yielding can fluctuate greatly within the population, hence it is important to determine the stability of yielding under various environmental conditions. Biotic and abiotic stresses accompany each plant, and their effect leads to a number of changes in its functioning (Rejeb et al. 2014). Abiotic stress is the most harmful, for example longterm drought, soil salinity or lack of nutrients. There are two ways to reduce the harmful effects of adverse factors on plant productivity, chose of individual species or cultivars resistant to water shortages, or the use of appropriate
* Agnieszka Ostrowska a.ostrowska@ifr‑pan.edu.pl 1
Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30‑239 Krakow, Poland
chemicals (e.g., biostimulators) during cultivation (Lawlor and Cornic 2002). In recent years, there has been an increased interest in compounds exhibiting activity of plant growth and development regulators. These are organic substances, small amounts of which modify plant physiological functions that enhance or inhibit growth and development processes. Plant growth and development regulators are mainly used to protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses in modern agriculture. Recently, several such s
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