Useful Parameters and Correlations for Screening of Tomatoes to Salt Tolerance under Field Conditions
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ROP PRODUCTION
Useful Parameters and Correlations for Screening of Tomatoes to Salt Tolerance under Field Conditions Mahmut Bayrama and Hayriye Yildiz Dasganb, * a
GAP Agricultural Research Institute, Horticultural Department, Sanliurfa, 63040 Turkey University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Horticulture, Adana, 01330 Turkey *e-mail: [email protected]
bCukurova
Received June 10, 2020
Abstract—Physiological tolerance to saline conditions was investigated in eight salt-tolerant, one salt-sensitive genotypes, and in one commercial tomato cultivar. The physiological parameters, leaf water potential, and osmotic potential, leaf temperature, stomatal conductivity, chlorophyll-SPAD reading, and leaf membrane injury were studied. The relationships of these parameters with each other were evaluated. Experiments were conducted in two different locations at the same time. A farmer’s field in the Eskisehir-Muttalip region was considered as salty soil (soluble salt 0.38%) it contained natural salts, and the Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute field was considered as control soil without salt (soluble salt 0.07%). It was found that the leaf water potential, osmotic potential, and stomatal conductivity were decreased, whereas the leaf temperature, chlorophyll-SPAD reading, and leaf membrane injury were increased. We have observed significant correlations among the physiological parameters, and these correlations would be useful for screening of tomatoes for tolerance to salt stress. Among the physiological parameters, leaf water potential, leaf osmotic potential, and leaf stomatal conductivity of the genotype Tom148 showed the best performance, whereas the commercial cultivar (BT236F1) was the most negatively affected genotype in the salty field. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum, salinity, tolerance, selection parameter DOI: 10.3103/S1068367420050122
INTRODUCTION The salinity of soils is one of the most critical environmental problems in arid and semi-arid regions around the world because it restricts crop production [1]. Among a total of 14 billion ha land available in the world, 6.5 billion ha is estimated to be in arid and semi-arid regions and approximately 1 billion ha is natural salty soil. Soil salinity is measured by the electrical conductivity (EC, dS m–1) of the saturation extract at 25°C. Therefore, if EC of soil is from 0–2 dS m–1 it is saltless, 2–4 dS m–1 is slightly saline, 4–8 dS m–1 is moderately saline, 8–16 dS m–1 is strongly saline and >16 dS m–1 is very strongly saline [2]. Salt causes many adverse effects on the plants such as enzyme activation disorder, nutritional imbalance, membrane dysfunction, disruptions in general metabolic processes, osmotic incompatibility, imbalance in water intake, oxidative stress and general developmental disabilities [3, 4]. Tomato is the most cultivated vegetable plant and demanded horticultural crop. Commercial tomato genotypes generally are sensitive to salinity during the whole development period. Seed germination and vegetative, generative growth are r
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