Assessment of vegetation recomposition methods in a tropical forest using satellite images
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Assessment of vegetation recomposition methods in a tropical forest using satellite images Raissa André de Araujo1 · Juli Lage de Souza Silva1 · Jessica dos Santos Cugula1 · Jonilton Pantoja Paschoal2 · Victor Paulo Peçanha Esteves1 · Cláudia do Rosário Vaz Morgado1 Received: 30 December 2019 / Accepted: 7 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In Brazil, as in the world, the mining sector is expanding steadily. Currently, the sector accounts for 11.5% of Brazil’s GDP, and the country is the world’s fifth-largest producer of mining products. The environmental impacts of mining and other activities that compete for land use need to be evaluated. The objective of this work was to assess vegetation recomposition in an area where bauxite extraction occurred, using analysis of a vegetation index calculated from satellite images. The method was applied at a bauxite mine in Paragominas, Pará, Brazil. The evaluations covered the steps of opening the area, mining operations, and replanting, considering three types of replanting: natural regeneration, traditional planting, and nucleation, for the period between 2013 and 2019, using 2006 as the base situation for the secondary forest. The results showed that the replanting method directly influences the vegetation index according to satellite images. Several factors affected the values obtained, such as operational factors and topsoil used. The natural regeneration method was found to produce the best results. Graphic abstract
Keywords Vegetation recomposition · Vegetation indices · Satellite images · Bauxite mining
Introduction
* Victor Paulo Peçanha Esteves [email protected] 1
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Hydro Paragominas - Bauxite and Alumina, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
2
According to the Brazilian Economy Ministry (2020), in 2019 US$ FOB 25.8 bi in exports was generated by the mineral sector, corresponding to 11.5% of country’s total GDP. Brazil is also the world’s fifth-largest producer of mining products, with 29,000 billion tons in 2019 (USGS 2020). Bauxite is a sedimentary rock composed of aluminum hydroxides, from which aluminum is produced (Ostojić et al. 2014). Aluminum is the most used non-ferrous metal in the
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world (Van Berkel et al. 2008). It can be used for metallurgical and non-metallurgical purposes. The former category includes the manufacture of automotive vehicles, trains cars, ships and airplanes, corrosion-resistant equipment and packaging and machinery for the electrical sector, while latter includes the production of abrasives, refractories, chemicals and cement (Sampaio et al. 2008; Kuan et al. 2020). Most important metallic mineral, accounting for 4.8% of the class, and 86.9% of this production, was concentrated in the states of Minas Gerais and Pará (DNPM 2018). According to the DNPM (Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral—Brazilian National Mineral Production Department), the measured re
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