Water quality assessment in a wetland complex using Sentinel 2 satellite images
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Water quality assessment in a wetland complex using Sentinel 2 satellite images F. Torres‑Bejarano1 · F. Arteaga‑Hernández1 · D. Rodríguez‑Ibarra1 · D. Mejía‑Ávila1 · L. C. González‑Márquez2,3 Received: 26 June 2020 / Revised: 13 September 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract This research was carried out in a wetlands complex of great environmental and socioeconomic importance located in the north of Colombia, highly impacted by different anthropic activities that take place in the region, e.g., livestock, agriculture and urban wastewater disposal. Field measurements of pH, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen were performed at 22 sites located in the Bajo Sinú wetlands complex. This wetlands complex includes Ciénaga Guatinaja, Ciénaga Momil and Ciénaga Sopal. Through a linear regression analysis between field-measured variables and the reflectance values of the Sentinel 2 image, models to represent the spatial variability of the different water quality parameters were obtained. In addition, water quality maps for drinking and aquatic protection life use were created based on Colombian standards. All generated models have a determination coefficient (R2) > 0.7, except for temperature with R2 ≈ 0.6. The five models are characterized by having correspondence in the electromagnetic spectrum with the areas belonging to the near infrared and the visible spectrum. These models, obtained from Sentinel 2 images in combination with GIS tools, allowed a complete analysis that contributes to the spatial–temporal monitoring of the studied aquatic ecosystems. Keywords Remote sensing · Linear regression · Models · Bajo Sinú wetlands
Introduction Wetlands are ecosystems with high productivity, diversity of flora, fauna and microorganisms; they also present a water surface that can be permanent or periodic throughout the year (Castellanos 2006). These ecosystems are characterized by being continental water bodies fed by surface currents and in some cases by groundwater flows (Norberto et al. 2012). They have great relevance depending on the weather period. In dry seasons, they store water and in wet periods retain excesses avoiding flooding (Vilardy et al. Editorial responsibility: Maryam Shabani. * F. Torres‑Bejarano [email protected] 1
Environmental Engineering Department, Universidad de Córdoba, Carrera 6 No. 77‑305, 230002 Montería, Colombia
2
Engineering and Technology Department, Universidad de Occidente, Av. Universidad s/n, 81048 Guasave, Sin., Mexico
3
Doctorado en Sustentabilidad, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Av. Universidad s/n, 81048 Guasave, Sin., Mexico
2012). These surface water bodies are exposed to altering their natural conditions by anthropogenic modifications such as deviations, recovery of floodplains (Fluet Chouinard et al. 2015), intensive farming (Dugan 1993), heavy metal contamination (Pedro et al. 2015) wastewater pollution (Xu et al. 2019), climate change (John
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