Assessment on Bioavailability of Flavonoids from Orthosiphon Stamineus During Spray Drying
This article presents findings of a microencapsulation study of flavonoids obtained from Orthosiphon stamineus leaves. The plant extract was obtained using ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. Protein and a polysaccharide derivative (maltodextrin) were
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Abstract This article presents findings of a microencapsulation study of flavonoids obtained from Orthosiphon stamineus leaves. The plant extract was obtained using ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. Protein and a polysaccharide derivative (maltodextrin) were used as the microencapsulation agent. Aqueous extract and dried powder were tested for their total flavonoids content by means of aluminum chloride colorimetric assay and detailed analysis of its polyphenol content by high-performance liquid chromatography. Morphology of the dried powder was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Microencapsulation was found to use the least amount of protein (1.42 wt%) and has the highest total flavonoids retention (85.6 %) besides having the highest retention of the bioactive markers, sinensetin (81.8 %), and eupatorin (70.1 %). The formulation of 1:9 protein/maltodextrin ratio is also found to be more effective with 86.7 % total flavonoids retention compared other formulation, viz., 1:1 and 9:1. Keywords Orthosiphon stamineus drying Bioavailability
Microencapsulation Flavonoids Spray
S. F. Pang J. Gimbun Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia M. M. Yusoff Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia M. M. Yusoff Central Laboratory, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia J. Gimbun (&) Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected]
R. Pogaku et al. (eds.), Developments in Sustainable Chemical and Bioprocess Technology, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6208-8_18, Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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Introduction Orthosiphon stamineus (vernacular name: ‘‘misai kucing’’) is traditionally used in Malaysia for the treatment of eruptive fever, edema, hepatitis, jaundice, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gout, rheumatism, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and influenza (Ho et al. 2010; Saravanan et al. 2006). Previous scientific studies revealed that extracts of O. stamineus contained useful bioactive compounds that exhibited excellent antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties (Saravanan et al. 2006). Furthermore, O. stamineus had been reported to possess anti-inflammatory (Masuda et al. 1992), antihypertensive (Ohashi et al. 2000), and hypoglycemia activity (Mariam et al. 1996). A systematic method to prepare the water-soluble extract of O. stamineus is well understood (e.g., Akowuah et al. 2005). However, a solid pharmaceutical dosage in the form of tablets is also desirable for convenience of administration besides having longer shelf life and ease of handling. A method to produce high-quality solid powder products from O. stamineus extracts must be established as the product of conventional method via hot spray is prone to thermal degradation. Thus, assessment of bio availability of solid powder is the ultimate aim of this
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