Flavonoids from Leaves of Ziziphus jujuba
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Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, Vol. 54, No. 8, November, 2020 (Russian Original Vol. 54, No. 8, August, 2020)
FLAVONOIDS FROM LEAVES OF Ziziphus jujuba A. M. Sampiev,1 E. B. Nikiforova,1 and A. I. Shevchenko1,* Translated from Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 54, No. 8, pp. 13 – 17, August, 2020.
Original article submitted March 24, 2020. The composition of total flavonoids from leaves of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. was qualitatively investigated and quantitatively determined. Rutin was found to be the dominant flavonoid from leaves of Z. jujuba. A method based on differential spectrophotometry was proposed for quantitative determination of total flavonoids from jujube leaves recalculated as rutin. Triple extraction of raw material by EtOH (40%) was found to be optimal for extracting the sum of flavonoids from jujube leaves. The total flavonoid contents in jujube leaves as determined by the proposed technique ranged from 1.07 ± 0.025% to 1.32 ± 0.03%. Keywords: jujube, Ziziphus jujuba Mill., flavonoids, capillary electrophoresis, spectrophotometry.
Medicines derived from plants remain an important tool for pharmacotherapy. According to the World Health Organization, most (~80%) of the world’s population uses medicinal plants to treat a large variety of pathologies. The arsenal of medicinal plants requested for medical practice currently numbers about 1,200 different species [1]. New sources of medicinal plant raw material are continuously sought despite the array of known medicinal plants. Plants that are traditionally used as food turn out rather often to be potentially significant with respect to medicines and pharmaceuticals [2]. In our opinion, Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae) is promising for use as medicinal plant raw material. Z. jujuba (jujube, unabi, Chinese jujube) is a subtropical fruit tree, deciduous bush, or small sapling that is rather broadly distributed in southern and eastern Asia and is cultivated in Krasnodarskii and Stavropolskii Krais primarily as a source of delicious and biologically valuable fruit [3]. According to the literature, practically all parts of Z. jujuba possess medicinal properties. The decoction of dried fruit is used as an anti-inflammatory and antitussive agent to treat diseases of upper respiratory pathways and the genitourinary, hepatobiliary, and cardiovascular systems. Leaves of jujube are well known and have long been used in folk medicine as a hypotensive, tonic, and diuretic agent. The decoc1
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tion of jujube leaves is used perorally to provide an antitussive effect and topically to treat skin diseases [4, 5]. A literature analysis indicated that the chemical compositions of various jujube parts are studied to different extents, with that of the fruit being characterized most [6]. With respect to leaves, anecdotal studies of several groups of biologically active compounds (BACs) have been reported in the scientific literature. In particular, flavonoids from leaves of cultivated and wild jujube from Uzbekistan were reported at the end of the 20th century. Qu
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