Association Between Employment Status and Short Sleep Duration Among Middle-Aged Japanese: the Survey on Time Use and Le
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Association Between Employment Status and Short Sleep Duration Among Middle-Aged Japanese: the Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities Mitsuya Maeda 1 & Ronald Filomeno 1 & Yumi Kawata 1 & Tomoyo Sato 1 & Koutatsu Maruyama 1,2 & Hiroo Wada 1 & Ai Ikeda 1 & Takeshi Tanigawa 1
# International Society of Behavioral Medicine 2019
Abstract Background Short sleep duration (SSD) is reported to be highly associated with socio-economic status. There are few studies on the relationship between employment status and SSD in Japan. Method The authors used the 2006 Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities conducted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Japan, which provides representative samples of Japanese people. The anonymous data of 120,783 people aged 30–59 years were analyzed. Authors defined five categories of employment status: “unemployed,” “regularly employed,” “nonregularly employed,” “self-employed,” and “other.” Authors also defined a sleep duration shorter than 5 h per night as SSD. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SSD using regular employment as the reference group were calculated using the logistic regression model, adjusting for potential confounding factors, i.e., age, marital status, education level, communication device use, and the amount of time spent on various daily activities. Results The prevalence of SSD was 2.8% (1639/58,308) in men and 3.2% (1976/62,475) in women. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) of SSD for the self-employed was 0.78 (0.65–0.92) in men and 1.78 (1.43–2.21) in women after adjustment for potential confounding factors, i.e., age, marital status, education level, and communication device use. Further adjustment for the time spent on daily activities revealed that the OR (95% CI) of SSD for the self-employed was 0.78 (0.65–0.92) in men and 1.89 (1.52–2.36) in women. Conclusion Self-employed women had a higher prevalence of SSD. By contrast, self-employed men had a lower prevalence of SSD. Keywords Employment status . Short sleep duration . Sleep guidelines . Self-employed
Abbreviations CI Confidence interval MIAC Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications NHNSJ National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan OR Odds ratio
SSD STULA US
Short sleep duration Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities United States
Introduction * Mitsuya Maeda [email protected] * Takeshi Tanigawa [email protected] 1
Present address: Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
2
Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Special Course of Food and Health Science, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
Sleep duration is an important lifestyle factor that is closely related to health [1]. Short sleep duration (SSD) is associated with increased risk of mortality, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and obesity [2]. The Center for Disease
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