Association of Serum Magnesium with Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cataract
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Association of Serum Magnesium with Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cataract Ramachandran Kaliaperumal 1 Satheesh Kumar Sabapathy 3
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Ramesh Venkatachalam 2
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Prithiviraj Nagarajan 3
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Received: 1 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Magnesium deficiency enhances oxidative stress which contributes to early development of cataract formation, and also the progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients remains unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the serum levels of magnesium, oxidative stress marker and antioxidant status and to find out if there is any association between them in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract compared with non-diabetic senile cataract, diabetes without cataract and normal healthy subjects. This comparative study includes 90 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cataract, 90 non-diabetic senile cataract patients, 90 type 2 diabetes mellitus without cataract and 90 normal healthy individual subjects without cataract in the age group between 40 and 75 years of both genders. Serum magnesium was estimated by using a fully automated analyser. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of oxidative stress biomarker, was determined by spectrophotometry, and the antioxidant status such as serum reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase-3(GPX-3) levels was estimated by ELISA method. The present study shows significantly decreased levels of magnesium, GSH, GPX-3 and increased level of MDA in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cataract when compared with non-diabetic senile cataract patients, type 2 DM without cataract and normal healthy individuals. A significant negative correlation of serum magnesium with MDA and positive correlation with GPX-3 were observed. The present findings indicate that hypomagnesaemia is a significant pathogenic factor which causes increased oxidative stress which may trigger earlier cataractogenesis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords Hypomagnesaemia . Oxidative stress . Cataract . Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Introduction * Ramachandran Kaliaperumal [email protected] Ramesh Venkatachalam [email protected] Prithiviraj Nagarajan [email protected] Satheesh Kumar Sabapathy [email protected] 1
Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 073, India
2
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Puducherry 605502, India
3
Multi-Disciplinary Centre for Biomedical Research, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Vinayaga Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry 607403, India
Cataract is a major leading cause of visual impairment in diabetes mellitus patients [1]. Cataract formation occurs earlier and much faster in patients with diabetes than normal subjects [2, 3]. It is well known fact that oxidative stress plays a major role in most of the
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