Associations between Parental Psychological Control and Externalizing Problems: The Roles of Need Frustration and Self-c
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Associations between Parental Psychological Control and Externalizing Problems: The Roles of Need Frustration and Self-control Lu Bai1 Yan Liu ●
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Shiyuan Xiang2
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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Our study aimed to develop our understanding of the relationship between parental psychological control and externalizing behaviors among adolescents. We investigated the fit of a theoretical model in which need frustration and self-control were specified as sequential mediators between parental psychological control and externalizing behaviors. A sample of Chinese adolescents and their parents participated in the research. These seventh and ninth graders (n = 1118, mean age = 14.52 years, SD = 1.65) reported perceived maternal and paternal psychological control, and reported their own experience of need frustration and self-rated levels of self-control. Externalizing problems were rated by both parents. The results of structural equation modeling revealed analogous structural associations between perceived maternal and paternal psychological control and externalizing problems. Overall, psychological control was directly associated with externalizing behaviors in the maternal model (β = 0.24, p < 0.01) and paternal model (β = 0.26, p < 0.01). Parental psychological control was associated exclusively and sequentially with externalizing behaviors via need frustration and self-control (for the maternal model: β = 0.13, p < 0.05, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.24]; for the paternal model: β = 0.13, p < 0.05, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.24]). By introducing need frustration and self-control as intervening factors and by demonstrating their sequential effects, our study helps to clarify the mechanisms underlying the links between parental psychological control and externalizing problems. Keywords Psychological control Externalizing problems Need frustration Self-control Adolescents ●
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Highlights Psychological control was related to externalizing problems directly and indirectly. ● Satisfaction of basic needs and self-control were sequential mediating factors. ● Paternal and maternal psychological control were of equal importance. ●
Externalizing problems denotes under-controlled, outwardly directed behaviors such as aggressiveness, hyperactivity, misconduct, and delinquency (Hussong et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2016). Externalizing problems in childhood and adolescence can predict subsequent developmental results, including symptoms of depression and anxiety, educational
* Yan Liu [email protected] 1
Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Meishan Vocational and Technical College, Meishan, Sichuan, China
achievement, and future financial and marital status (Colman et al. 2009; Lewis et al. 2017; Loth et al. 2014). Early adolescence is a peak period for initiating externalizing problems (Franken et al. 2016; Stone et al. 2013). Some studies have shown that boys tend to exhibit mo
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