Atlas of Endomicroscopy

Endomicroscopy is a newly developed diagnostic tool which enables in vivo microscopy with subcellular resolution during ongoing endoscopy in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Thus, endomicroscopy is a revolutionary technology because it provides

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Ralf Kiesslich Peter R. Galle Markus F. Neurath

Atlas of Endomicroscopy With 156 Figures and 8 Tables

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Prof. Dr. Ralf Kiesslich Leiter der Interdisziplinären Endoskopie Prof. Dr. Peter R. Galle Direktor der I. Med. Klinik Prof. Dr. Markus Neurath Direktor des Instituts für Molekulare Medizin I. Med. Clinic Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz, Germany

ISBN 978-3-540-34757-6 Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek The Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer Medizin Verlag springer.com © Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg 2008 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publications does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature.

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Prologue Daniel K. Podolsky Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are many and varied, reflecting the complexities of structure and the processes that underlie normal digestive function. Over the past decades, our approaches to the evaluation of patients with gastrointestinal disorders and the study of their underlying processes have been transformed by the evolution of endoscopy. The history of modern gastrointestinal endoscopy began with the development of tools that allowed the direct inspection of mucosal surfaces, beginning with endoscopes that depended on incandescent light, pioneered by Schindler, and followed by the refinement possible through incorporation of fibre-optic technology and, more recently, use of the CCD chip. These have enabled progressively better visualisation of surface features. There also have been significant expansions of the usefulness of these scopes beyond en face visualisation, including the cannulation of biliary and pancreatic duct structures for radiological imaging and, most importantly, the development of interventional adjuncts beginning with mu