Auditory Cortex Anatomy and Asymmetry in Schizophrenia
The features and progression of the neuropathology of schizophrenia are still poorly defined. Structural and electrophysiological finds indicate that auditory areas of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) may be especially affected. In vivo structural imagin
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Auditory Cortex Anatomy and Asymmetry in Schizophrenia
J. F. Smiley
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
2 Cytoarchitectonic Organization of Auditory Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 2.1 Monkey Auditory Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 2.2 Human Auditory Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 3
Cytoarchitectonic Asymmetries of Human Auditory Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
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Altered Cellular Anatomy of Auditory Areas in Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
Structural Asymmetry of Auditory Regions in Normal and Schizophrenia Brains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Structural Asymmetry of Heschls’ Gyrus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Heschl’s Gyrus Structural Changes in Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Structural Asymmetry of the Planum Temporale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Planum Temporale Structural Changes in Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Superior Temporal Gyrus Structural Changes and Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
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Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
D. Javitt & J. Kantrowitz (eds.), Schizophrenia, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-30410-6_3.3, # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC 2009
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3.3
Auditory cortex anatomy and asymmetry in schizophrenia
Abstract: The features and progression of the neuropathology of schizophrenia are still poorly defined. Structural and electrophysiological finds indicate that auditory areas of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) may be especially affected. In vivo structural imaging has found a decreased gray matter volume in the STG that is more consistent in the caudal STG, and may be more pronounced in the left hemisphere. Located on the caudal STG are Heschl’s gyrus (HG) and the adjacent planum temporale (PT). These regions also have a reduced volume in schizophrenia, suggesting that early stages of auditory sensory processing, possibly including the prim
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