Effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation on upper-limb movement speed in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation on upper‑limb movement speed in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders Shu‑Mei Wang1 · Chung‑Ying Lin2 · Tracy Ho‑Yan Tse3 · Hin‑Lun Chu1 · Cheong‑Ho Liu1 · Tsz‑Ho Ng1 · Chun‑Kwok Tse1 · Wai‑Man Wong1 · Sunny Ho‑Wan Chan1 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Movement slowness, linked to dysfunctional basal ganglia and cerebellum, is prevalent but lacks effective therapy in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This study was to examine immediate effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on upper-limb movement speed in patients. Thirty patients and 30 psychiatrically healthy people executed the right-hand task and the both-hand task of the Purdue Pegboard Test when listening to RAS with two tempi: normal (equal to the fastest movement tempo for each participant without RAS) and fast (120% of the normal tempo). The testing order of the RAS tempi for each participant was randomized. Patients had lower scores of right-hand and both-hand tasks than did psychiatrically healthy people. Scores of right-hand and both-hand tasks were higher in the fast-RAS condition than the normal-RAS condition in participants. This is the first study to explore the possibility of applying RAS to movement therapy for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The results demonstrated that faster RAS was effective in inducing faster upper-limb movements in patients and psychiatrically healthy people, suggesting that manipulating RAS may be a feasible therapeutic strategy utilized to regulate movement speed. The RAS may involve alternative neural pathways to modulate movement speed and thus to compensate for impaired function of basal ganglia and cerebellum in patients. Keywords Rhythmic auditory stimulation · Auditory cue · Upper limb movement · Schizophrenia
Introduction Schizophrenia is a devastating and costly neuropsychiatric disease. The symptoms are complicated, encompassing positive symptoms (e.g., perceptual and thought distortion), negative symptoms (e.g., reduced motivation and social interaction), cognitive impairments, and motor abnormalities [1, 2]. The impact of these tricky symptoms is large, including the dramatic reduction of productivity in patients and the heavy cost of medical care in the society [3]. Schizophrenia has * Shu‑Mei Wang [email protected] 1
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
2
Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
3
New Life Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association, New Territories, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
been ranked as one of the most severe diseases leading to heavy global burdens [3]. Finding how to effectively alleviate the symptoms and improve function in schizophrenia patients is of critical importance to the current health
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