Auxins of microbial origin and their use in agriculture
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MINI-REVIEW
Auxins of microbial origin and their use in agriculture Chetan Keswani 1 & Satyendra Pratap Singh 2 & Laura Cueto 3 & Carlos García-Estrada 3,4 & Samia Mezaache-Aichour 5 & Travis R. Glare 6 & Rainer Borriss 7,8 & Surya Pratap Singh 1 & Miguel Angel Blázquez 9 & Estibaliz Sansinenea 10 Received: 15 July 2020 / Revised: 31 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To maintain the world population demand, a sustainable agriculture is needed. Since current global vision is more friendly with the environment, eco-friendly alternatives are desirable. In this sense, plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria could be the choice for the management of soil-borne diseases of crop plants. These rhizobacteria secrete chemical compounds which act as phytohormones. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most common plant hormone of the auxin class which regulates various processes of plant growth. IAA compound, in which structure can be found a carboxylic acid attached through a methylene group to the C-3 position of an indole ring, is produced both by plants and microorganisms. Plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria and fungi secrete IAA to promote the plant growth. In this review, IAA production and mechanisms of action by bacteria and fungi along with the metabolic pathways evolved in the IAA secretion and commercial prospects are revised. Key points • Many microorganisms produce auxins which help the plant growth promotion. • These auxins improve the plant growth by several mechanisms. • The auxins are produced through different mechanisms. Keywords Indole-3-acetic acid . Plant hormones . Plant growth . promoting bacteria
Introduction Due to global population demand worldwide, the crop production needs an improvement. In recent decades, the focus on crop production has moved from yield to quality and safety, and more recently sustainability. The prospective use of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) especially those that produce antimicrobial metabolites against phytopathogens could be a wise choice for the management of
* Estibaliz Sansinenea [email protected] 1
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
soil-borne diseases of crop plants. PGPR are defined as “bacteria influencing positively the growth and performance of plants” (Mendoza-Hernández et al. 2016). PGPR can improve water and nutrient uptake, and abiotic and stress tolerance. Due to the development of “omics” approaches, the molecular basis of plant-bacteria interaction mechanism which are responsible for physiological changes have begun to be understood. PGPR can promote plant growth by several mechanisms including production of phytohormones (Lambrecht
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Département de Microbiologie Faculté SNV, LMA UFA Sétif 1, Sétif, Algeria
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Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln
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