Microbial Interventions in Agriculture and Environment Volume 1 : Re

Microbial communities and their functions play a crucial role in the management of ecological, environmental and agricultural health on the Earth. Microorganisms are the key identified players for plant growth promotion, plant immunization, disease suppre

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ial Interventions in Agriculture and Environment Volume 1 : Research Trends, Priorities and Prospects

Microbial Interventions in Agriculture and Environment

Dhananjaya Pratap Singh Vijai Kumar Gupta  •  Ratna Prabha Editors

Microbial Interventions in Agriculture and Environment Volume 1 : Research Trends, Priorities and Prospects

Editors Dhananjaya Pratap Singh Department of Biotechnology ICAR – NBAIM Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India Ratna Prabha Department of Biotechnology ICAR – NBAIM Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India

Vijai Kumar Gupta Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, School of Science Tallinn University of Technology Tallinn, Estonia

ISBN 978-981-13-8390-8    ISBN 978-981-13-8391-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8391-5 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

Foreword

Despite the simplicity of the way of life, the microorganisms present an abundant genetic diversity in the nature coming from their chromosomal DNAs as well as plasmid DNAs, obtained through the evolution over time so that they could adapt to the conditions of all marine and terrestrial ecosystems. There were billions of years of ecological adaptation to fulfill their function on planet Earth, which is to provide a balance of nutrients essential for the maintenance of global ecosystems. This high biological diversity of the world’s microbiota has provided human beings with practical, economical, and/or ecological opportunities for most of the known microorganisms by exploiting their metabolic capacities at the biochemical and molecular levels and defining the multiple functions associated with the simplest ce