Bacterial Diversity and Communities Structural Dynamics in Soil and Meltwater Runoff at the Frontier of Baishui Glacier
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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
Bacterial Diversity and Communities Structural Dynamics in Soil and Meltwater Runoff at the Frontier of Baishui Glacier No.1, China Wasim Sajjad 1
&
Barkat Ali 1,2 & Ali Bahadur 1,3 & Prakriti Sharma Ghimire 1 & Shichang Kang 1,2,4
Received: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Comprehensive knowledge of bacterial ecology mainly in supraglacial habitats is pivotal particularly at the frontier of accelerated glacier retreat. In this study, bacterial diversity and community composition in glacial soil and meltwater runoff at the frontier of Baishui Glacier No.1 were evaluated using high throughput sequencing. Significant variations in the physiochemical parameters formed an ecological gradient between soil and meltwater runoff. Based on the richness and evenness indexes, the bacterial diversity was relatively higher in soil compared with meltwater runoff. Hierarchical clustering and bi-plot ordination revealed that the taxonomic composition of soil samples was highly similar and significantly influenced by the ecological parameters than the meltwater runoff. The overall relative abundance trend of bacterial phyla and genera were greatly varied in soil and water samples. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was higher in water runoff samples (40.5–87%) compared with soil samples (32–52.7%). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and a little part of Cyanobacteria occupied a major portion of water runoff while the soil was dominated by Acidobacteria (6–16.2%), Actinobacteria (5–16%), Bacteroidetes (0.5–8.8%), and Cyanobacteria (0.1–8.3%) besides Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Higher numbers of biomarkers were found in soil group compared with the water group. The study area is diverse in terms of richness, while community structures are not evenly distributed. This study provides a preliminary understanding of the bacterial diversity and shifts in community structure in soil and meltwater runoff at the frontier of the glacial. The findings revealed that the environmental factors are a significantly strong determinant of bacterial community structures in such a closely linked ecosystem. Keywords Bacterial communities . Yulong snow mountain . Baishui glacier . Proteobacteria . Firmicutes
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01600-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shichang Kang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3
Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
4
CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China
A major portion of the cryosphere is occupied by glaciers and ice sheets [1]. Prev
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