Survey of Bacterial Phylogenetic Diversity During the Glacier Melting Season in an Arctic Fjord
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MICROBIOLOGY OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS
Survey of Bacterial Phylogenetic Diversity During the Glacier Melting Season in an Arctic Fjord Dukki Han 1,2 & Tim Richter-Heitmann 2 & Il-Nam Kim 3 & Eunjung Choy 4 & Ki-Tae Park 4 & Tatsuya Unno 1 & Jungman Kim 5 & Seung-Il Nam 4 Received: 9 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To understand bacterial biogeography in response to the hydrographic impact of climate change derived from the Arctic glacier melting, we surveyed bacterial diversity and community composition using bacterial 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding in the seawaters of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, during summer 2016. In the present study, bacterial biogeography in the Kongsfjorden seawaters showed distinct habitat patterns according to water mass classification and habitat transition between Atlantic and fjord surface waters. Moreover, we estimated phylogenetic diversity of bacterial communities using the net relatedness, nearest taxon, and beta nearest taxon indices. We found the influence of freshwater input from glacier melting in shaping bacterial assemblage composition through the stochastic model. We further evaluated bacterial contributions to phytoplankton-derived dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) using a quantitative PCR (qPCR) measurement with demethylation (dmdA) and cleavage (dddP) genes of two fundamentally different processes. Our qPCR results imply that bacterial DMSP degradation follows the Atlantic inflow during summer in Kongsfjorden. These findings suggest that the Atlantic inflow and glacial melting influence bacterial community composition and assembly processes and thus affect the degradation of phytoplankton-derived organic matter in an Arctic fjord. Keywords Arctic glacial fjord . Kongsfjorden . Bacterial biogeography . Stochastic-deterministic balance . SAR11 . Phytoplankton-derived organic matter
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01616-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dukki Han [email protected] * Seung-Il Nam [email protected] 1
Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
2
Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
3
Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
4
Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
5
Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
Kongsfjorden is an open glacial fjord system on the northwestern Spitsbergen (Svalbard) and is used as a monitoring site suitable for climate-related changes and their possible impacts on biodiversity in the Arctic region [1]. The effects of the glacial melting on biological and physiochemical environments in the Arctic fjord were previously investigated in Kongsfjorden [1–3]
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